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Honors Bio > Molecular Genetics > Flashcards

Molecular Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Griffith

A

First to identify genetic material - narrowed down to DNA and protein the discovered transformation - he used mice - proved that DNA was the genetic material

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2
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

Used bacteriophages and E-Coli to prove that DNA is the genetic material - they injected phosphorus into the bacterium not the sulfur

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3
Q

Watson and Crick

A

They used Rosalind Franklins work (Photo 51) to discover the double helix - which is the shape of DNA

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4
Q

Avery

A

Repeated Griffiths work and discovered that DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information from 1 generation to the next

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

5 Carbon Sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base

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6
Q

What is the scientific name for DNA?

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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7
Q

What is the scientific name for RNA?

A

Ribose nucleic acid (ribonucleic acid)

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8
Q

In DNA what pairs with adenine?

A

Thymine

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9
Q

In DNA what pairs with guanine?

A

cytosine

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10
Q

In RNA what pairs with adenine?

A

Uracil

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11
Q

What does the helicase do?

A

Unzips the double helix

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12
Q

Chargaff

A

Discovered that adenine pairs with thymine and that guanine pairs with cytosine - in DNA - and that purines have to pair with a pyrimidine

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13
Q

Purines

A

Bigger - adenine & guanine

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14
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Smaller - cytosine & thymine & uracil

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15
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A quaternary molecule

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16
Q

Lac operon

A

Breaks down sugar/metabolism - has to have lactose to turn on gene

17
Q

TRP operon

A

tryptophan - builds up, synthesizes tryptophan and it stops with tryptophan

18
Q

mRNA

A

messenger - complementary to DNA - it carries messages from DNA to direct protein synthesis

19
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal - associates with protein to form ribosomes

20
Q

tRNA

A

transfer - transports amino acids to ribosomes

21
Q

What holds the nitrogen bases together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

22
Q

What are expressed genes

A

exons

23
Q

What does DNA polymerase do

A

Base pairs - pairs the bases together

24
Q

What does DNA ligase do

A

It seals the pieces back into a single strand

25
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building block of DNA & RNA - order determines what will be coded

26
Q

Replication

A

DNA to make a new strand of DNA

27
Q

Transcription

A

Process of DNA is transferred to mRNA

Honors Bio (5 decks)

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