Molecular Cell Bio L3

Question 1

Name the 17 parts of an animal cell

Answer 1

Microtubule
Actin Filaments
Peroxisome
Ribosomes in cytosol
Golgi apparatus
Intermediate Filaments
Plasma membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear pore
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Vesicles
Extracellular Matrix 
Chromatin
Centrosome with pair of centrioles

Question 2

What does the Nucleolus do?

Answer 2

Transcribes ribosomal RNA

Question 3

Difference of Euchromatin and heterochromatin

Answer 3

Heterochromatin are genetically inactive &firmly packed

Euchromatin are uncoiled chromatin (loosely packed) are genetically active

Question 4

What 3 functions must our DNA fulfil?

Answer 4

1. Encode info to make an organism (DNA to RNA protein)
2. It must replicate accurately.
3. Must allow beneficial mutations to be selected.

Question 5

Difference of Genetics, Genes, and Precision Medicine.

Answer 5

Genetics - Hereditary, how characteristics are passed.
Gene - Biological info encodes a protein
Precision Medicine - Data-driven approach of disease (genome sequences, medical devices measuring).

Question 6

Can we pattern the human genome? What can we pattern?

Answer 6

No

We can pattern changes made to the human genome.

Question 7

Describe the basic structure of DNA.

Answer 7

Polar Molecule:Strands have direction.
Covalent link Between the backbone and base on a single nucleotide.
Hydrogen bond between base pairs.
Sugar phosphate backbone
DNA base of A,T ,C,G and Uracil in RNA
2x Nucleotides

Question 8

Nucleotide structure

What are they the subunits of?

Answer 8

Base (nitrogen containing)
Sugar (five carbon)
Phosphate (one or more)
Subunits of nucleic acids

Question 9

Of the bases, which are pyrimidines and which are purines?

Answer 9

pyrimidines - Cytosine, Thymine

Purine - Adenine, Guanine

Question 10

What bond links nucleotides together?

Answer 10

Phosphodiester bonds are covalent bonds.

They link a 3’ Carbon to a 5’ Carbon

Question 11

What is one nucleosome made of and what level of folding is this referring to?

What are the charges of the 2 structures?

Answer 11

DNA highly condensed around 8 histone proteins

First level of folding think “beads on a string” so in a line.

Histones +ve
DNA -ve
Causes them to stick together as opp charged

Question 12

What is the structure of DNA in most cells majority of the time?

Answer 12

Chromatin fiber of packed nucleosomes (so multiple of x8 histones w DNA wrapped around)

Question 13

What is the second level of folding? What exta histone is required?

Answer 13

It goes from “beads on a string” of 11 nm width to layers. It has chromatin fibres of packed nucleosomes going to 30nm width.

The extra histone is H1

Question 14

What are the different histone proteins?

Answer 14

H1 (level 2), H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.