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Biomedical Science > Molecular Biology > Flashcards

Molecular Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between C and G?

A

3

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2
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between A and T?

A

2

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3
Q

What enzyme separates DNA during replication?

A

DNA Helicase

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4
Q

What enzyme synthesizes the two new DNA strands in replication?

A

DNA Polymerase

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5
Q

What direction does DNA replication occur?

A

5 prime to 3 prime

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6
Q

Why do the new DNA strands have an antiparallel orientation to the parental DNA strands?

A

Because DNA synthesis occurs in the 5” to 3” direction

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7
Q

Leading strand synthesis is described as being…

A

Continuous

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8
Q

Lagging strand synthesis is described as being…

A

Discontinuous

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9
Q

What are the roles of Single Stranded Binding Proteins?

A

SSBPs are used to maintain unwound parental DNA strands in a single stranded conformation to ease replication fork progression.

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10
Q

Describe lagging strand formation

A

The initial RNA primer is extended by DNA Polymerase, the RNA primer is then removed by Ribonuclease H and is ultimately replaced by DNA polymerase.

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11
Q

What is the role of DNA ligase?

A

To convalently link the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand into one continuous DNA strand.

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12
Q

Why does gene expression involve colinearity?

A

Gene expression involves the production of proteins. It is determined that there is a linear correspondence between the number of DNA and RNA bases and the number of amino acids in the protein.

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13
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

In the nucleus

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14
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the cytoplasm (ribosomes)

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15
Q

What is a centromere?

A

A specialized repetitive DNA sequence in which the kinetochore assembles.

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16
Q

What is the Replication Origin?

A

The DNA sequence where DNA replication is initiated.

17
Q

What is a telomere?

A

They’re specialized DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes, which maintain chromosomal intergirty.

18
Q

What enzyme maintains telomeres?

A

Telomerase

19
Q

Who discovered genes?

A

Gregor Mendel

20
Q

What is Mendel’s first law?

A

Two alleles from a gene segregate from eachother during gamete formation

21
Q

What is Mendel’s Second law?

A

Genes controlling different physical characters assort independently into gametes (if they are on different chromosomes)

22
Q

List 6 essential factors of the Genetic Code

A 
Is a triplet code made up of codons.
Is non-overlapping
Is universal
Is degenerate
Has start and stop signals
Accommodates some mismatches.
23
Q

What is that start codon?

A

Methionine AUG

24
Q

What are the stop codons?

A

UAA UAG UGA

25
Q

What is the only codon for Tryptophan

A

UGG

Biomedical Science (8 decks)

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