Molecular Biology Flashcards
Building blocks of DNA are made up of 3 parts:
A deoxyribose, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base
How DNA is arranged in a cell?
Must be replicated, must be ready to produce the molecules to carry out functions of the cell, must be packaged in very order to fit and function within a structure
What is supercoiling?
When DNA is twisted beyond double helix
What happens in DNA Replication?
Two strands make up double helix, it servers as a template for which new strands are copies
Which of the following is not a component of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA?
deoxyglucose
Which of the following accounts for most repair of mistakes made during DNA replication?
proofreading by DNA polymerase
What is a possible function of introns in eukaryotic DNA?
to increase recombination of gene segments by crossing over
Prokaryotes contain a ________chromosome, and eukaryotes contain ________ chromosomes.
double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear
The part of the gene where the DNA polymerase first binds during transcription is called the:
promoter
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________.
nucleolus
Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?
epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
What proteins are crucial for creating and maintaining DNA replication forks? Choose the best explanation.
Helicase creates the replication fork; single-strand binding proteins keep the single strands from reuniting.
Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are ________.
introns
