Evolution and Its Process Flashcards
The 3 main principles of natural selection
1st: Organisms characteristics are inherited, passed to parent, then to offspring
2nd: More offspring are produced than are able to survive
3rd: Offspring may vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited
Variation is?
Differences among individuals in populations
Genetic diversity 2 main sources
1: mutations changing DNA to ultimate source of genetic variation
2: Sexual reproduction and crossing over in meiosis
Adaptation is?
heritable traits that aids the survival and reproduction
Divergent evolution is when
2 species evolve in different directions from common ancestors
Convergent Evolution is?
Similar structures arise independently through evolution in different lineages
Modern Synthesis is?
How evolutionary pressures can affect a population genetic makeup
Alleles is?
Gene variants that code for different traits associated with that character
What is sexual selection?
The affect of an individuals ability to mate and reproduce offspring
Male-Male competitions are?
Conflicts between males, either ritualized or survival
What is genetic drift?
The effect of chance in small population
What is the Bottleneck effect?
A large portion of the genome suddenly wipes out
What are vestigial structures
Some body structures have no apparent function at all in a species.. example: humans have tail bone, but no tail
Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation?
A flood causes the formation of a new lake.
Population genetics is the study of ________.
how allele frequencies in a population change over time
No one is quite sure how eukaryotic cells first appeared on Earth. Three hypotheses have been proposed for ongoing study: the eukaryote-first hypothesis, the nucleus-first hypothesis, and _________.
an hypothesis that begins with mitochondria developing in a prokaryotic cell that later acquired a nucleus
Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover?
natural selection
Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?
longer distance between divided groups
For variation to be a meaningful contribution to evolution, what must be true?
The traits that vary in ways meaningful to evolution have genetic components.
A heritable trait that confers on an individual a survival and reproduction advantage in its current environment is called what?
an adaptation
The fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what?
descent with modification
Which of the following best describes evolution?
Which of the following best describes evolution?
