Evolution and Its Process

Question 1

The 3 main principles of natural selection

Answer 1

1st: Organisms characteristics are inherited, passed to parent, then to offspring
2nd: More offspring are produced than are able to survive
3rd: Offspring may vary among each other in regard to their characteristics and those variations are inherited

Question 2

Variation is?

Answer 2

Differences among individuals in populations

Question 3

Genetic diversity 2 main sources

Answer 3

1: mutations changing DNA to ultimate source of genetic variation
2: Sexual reproduction and crossing over in meiosis

Question 4

Adaptation is?

Answer 4

heritable traits that aids the survival and reproduction

Question 5

Divergent evolution is when

Answer 5

2 species evolve in different directions from common ancestors

Question 6

Convergent Evolution is?

Answer 6

Similar structures arise independently through evolution in different lineages

Question 7

Modern Synthesis is?

Answer 7

How evolutionary pressures can affect a population genetic makeup

Question 8

Alleles is?

Answer 8

Gene variants that code for different traits associated with that character

Question 9

What is sexual selection?

Answer 9

The affect of an individuals ability to mate and reproduce offspring

Question 10

Male-Male competitions are?

Answer 10

Conflicts between males, either ritualized or survival

Question 11

What is genetic drift?

Answer 11

The effect of chance in small population

Question 12

What is the Bottleneck effect?

Answer 12

A large portion of the genome suddenly wipes out

Question 13

What are vestigial structures

Answer 13

Some body structures have no apparent function at all in a species.. example: humans have tail bone, but no tail

Question 14

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation?

Answer 14

A flood causes the formation of a new lake.

Question 15

Population genetics is the study of ________.

Answer 15

how allele frequencies in a population change over time

Question 16

No one is quite sure how eukaryotic cells first appeared on Earth. Three hypotheses have been proposed for ongoing study: the eukaryote-first hypothesis, the nucleus-first hypothesis, and _________.

Answer 16

an hypothesis that begins with mitochondria developing in a prokaryotic cell that later acquired a nucleus

Question 17

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover?

Answer 17

natural selection

Question 18

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?

Answer 18

longer distance between divided groups

Question 19

For variation to be a meaningful contribution to evolution, what must be true?

Answer 19

The traits that vary in ways meaningful to evolution have genetic components.

Question 20

A heritable trait that confers on an individual a survival and reproduction advantage in its current environment is called what?

Answer 20

an adaptation

Question 21

The fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what?

Answer 21

descent with modification

Question 22

Which of the following best describes evolution?

Answer 22

Which of the following best describes evolution?