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STEP 1 > Molecular Biochemistry (DNA Structure) > Flashcards

Molecular Biochemistry (DNA Structure) Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleotide (elements)

A

1- Phosphate group
2- Ribo (sugar)
3- Base

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2
Q

Bases of the ADN

A

1- Adenine
2- Thyamine
3- Guanine
4- Cytosine

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3
Q

Nucleoside (elements)

A

1- Ribo (sugar)
2- Base

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4
Q

Pyrimidines (CUT)

A
  • One ring
    -Ends in DINE once is attached
    1- Cytosine
    2- Uracil
    3- Thyamine
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5
Q

Purines (Pure As Gold)

A
  • Two rings
    -Ends in SINE once is attached
    1- Adenine
    2- Guanine
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6
Q

Methylation (Mutes)

A
  • Methyl is added to the base cytosine
  • Segments of the DNA with CG islands
  • INACTIVATES transcription
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7
Q

Lots of unmethylated CG strands in the body

A
  • Immune response
  • Our body think that unmethylated DNA is coming from bacteria
  • Bacteria can methylate also adenine and cytosine to protect themselves from virus
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8
Q

Cromatin

A
  • DNA + proteins
  • One of the most important proteins are histones
  • Histones + DNA = Nuclesomes
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9
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • Condensed chromatin
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10
Q

Histones

A
  • H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
  • Contains basic amino acids like lysine and arginine (positive charge to attach to phosphate group of DNA that is negatively charged)
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11
Q

Nucleosome

A
  • DNA wrapped twice around four of the histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) –> octamer
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12
Q

H1

A
  • Outside of the nucleosome
  • Tye together the “beads on the string”
  • Condensation
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13
Q

Drug induced lupus

A
  • Fever, joint points, rash (after starting drug)
  • Anti-histone antibodies (95%) contrast with anti-dsDNA in classic lupus
    1- Hydralazine (BP drug)
    2- Procainamide (antiarrhythmic)
    3- Isoniazid (TBC drug)
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14
Q

Heterochromatin

A
  • Very tighly condensed chromatin
  • Does not allow the transcription
  • A lot of DNA methylation
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15
Q

Euchromatin

A
  • Less condensed chromatin
  • Allows transcription
  • Acetylation of histone
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16
Q

Acetylation (Activates the genes)

A
  • Acetyl group added to lysine
  • Relaxes chromatin for transcription
17
Q

Deacetylation

A
  • Packs chromatin tightly together
  • Blocks transcription
18
Q

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (in development drugs)

A
  • Anti-cancer
19
Q

Huntington’s desease

A
  • Movement disorder
  • Huntington protein overactive through histone deacetylation what silence genes that should control the protein
20
Q

Valproic acid

A
  • Seizure drug
  • Histone deacetylase inhibition activity
21
Q

Drug-induced lupus (SHIPPE)

A
  • Sulfonamides
  • Hydralazine
  • Isoniazid
  • Phenytoin
  • Procainamide
  • Etarnecept
22
Q

Sistemic lupus erythematosus

A
  • Anti-Smith antibodies

STEP 1 (6 decks)

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