Metabolism of glucose

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Energy sources of the body
1- glucose
2- fructose
3- galactose

Question 2

Disaccharides

Answer 2

(2 monosaccharides)
Broken down to monosaccharides in GI tract
1- lactose (galactose+glucose, lactase breaks this down)
2- sucrose (fructose+glucose, sucrase breaks this down)

Question 3

Polisaccharides

Answer 3

Starch (plant)
Glycogen (animal)
Cellulose (plant –> fiber —> does not break down in GI tract –> adds bulk to stools)

Question 4

Liver

Answer 4

• Most varied use of glucose
• TCA cycle for ATP
• Glycogen synthesis

Question 5

Brain

Answer 5

Little glycogen storage

Question 6

Muscle/heart

Answer 6

• TCA cycle
• Transport into cells heavily influenced by insulin
• More insulin –> more glucose uptake
• Store glucose as glycogen

Question 7

Red bloods

Answer 7

• anaerobic metabolism (make ATP)–> lactate–> liver converts to glucose
• GLUT 1

Question 8

Adipose tissue

Answer 8

• converts glucose to fatty acid
• influenced for insulin

Question 9

Glucose entry to cells (2 ways)

Answer 9

1- Na+ independent entry (GLUT 1- GLUT 14)
2- Na+ dependent entry (glucose absorbed from a low to a high concentration, intestinal epithelium and renal tubules, SGLT 1, needs ATP to pump out Na to keep the system)

Question 10

GLUT 1

Answer 10

• Insulin independent
• Depends of concentrations of glucose
• Brain and RBC’s

Question 11

GLUT 2

Answer 11

• Insulin independent
• Bidirectional which mean that can transport glucose out of the cell for gluconeogenesis
• Liver and kidney
• Intestine
• Pancreas

Question 12

GLUT 4

Answer 12

• Insuline dependent
• Fat tissue, skeletal muscle