Molecular Bio - Cliff Notes

Question 1

central dogma

Answer 1

DNA –> RNA –> proteins/enzymes –> traits, metabolism, homeostasis

Question 2

nucleotides

Answer 2

DNA and RNA = polymers of

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

deoxyribose sugar; adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine; genes of the cell; double-helix

Question 4

RNA (protein synthesis)

Answer 4

ribose sugar; adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil; mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 5

mRNA

Answer 5

instructions for putting amino acids into polypeptide chains; linear

Question 6

tRNA

Answer 6

transfer RNA; delivers amino acids to ribosome to add to polypeptide chain; upside down L shape

Question 7

rRNA

Answer 7

ribosomal RNA; combines w/ proteins to make ribosomes; globular

Question 8

RNA (RNA processing)

Answer 8

snRNA: small nuclear RNA; globular; combines w/ proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) which process RNA before they leave the nucleus

Question 9

RNA (regulating gene expression)

Answer 9

siRNA; miRNA; adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 10

siRNA, miRNA

Answer 10

regulates gene expression by blocking/degrading mRNA; linear

Question 11

Griffith

Answer 11

discovered that genetic info can be transferred fr dead bacteria to living bacteria
-dead bacteria w/ polysaccharide coat and causes pneumonia + live bacteria w/o coat and not cause pneumonia = live bacteria w/ coat that cause pneomonia

Question 12

transformation

Answer 12

ability of bacteria to absorb and express genetic info fr surrundings

Question 13

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

Answer 13

DNA = heredity info of cell

Question 14

Hershey and Chase

Answer 14

DNA = genetic material of phages
phages = DNA and protein
-substituted radioactive sulfur for sulfur in amino acids
INCOMPLETE

Question 15

one gene one enzyme hypothesis

Answer 15

gene codes fro particular enzyme –> redefined as DNA segment that codes for particular polypeptide (one gene one polypeptide hypothesis)

Question 16

___ are the end products of _____ regulated by ____

Answer 16

traits, metabolic processes, enzymes

Question 17

DNA replication

Answer 17

separating/unzipping double strand DNA into 2 strandes for a template to assemble new, complementary strands

Question 18

semiconservative replication

Answer 18

b/c new strands of DNA include 1 old strand

Question 19

helicase

Answer 19

enzyme that unwinds DNA helix, forming replication fork (y shaped)

Question 20

single strand binding prteins

Answer 20

attach to each strand of uncoiled DNA to keep separate

Question 21

topoisomerases

Answer 21

enzymes that break and rejoin double helix in front, allows twists to unravel and prevents formation of knots

Question 22

DNA polymerase

Answer 22

enzyme that assembles new DNa strand, moves in 3’ –> 5’ direciton

Question 23

anitparallel

Answer 23

strand that grows in 5’ –> 3’ direction

Question 24

leading strand

Answer 24

complementary strand that is assembled 5’ –> 3’ by the 3’ –> 5’ strand

Question 25

Okazaki fragments

Answer 25

short segments of complementary DNA, connected by DNA ligase, produce single complementary strand

Question 26

laggging strand

Answer 26

the Okazaki assembled strand, called b/c requires more time to assemble than leading strand

Question 27

primase

Answer 27

enzyme that begins replication w/ short segment of RNA (RNA primer); leading strand and every Okazaki fragment must begin w/ RNA primer

Question 28

chromosome structure

Answer 28

prokaryotic chromosome = circular