Cell Communication - Cliff Notes

Question 1

nuclear division

Answer 1

divides genetic material in nucleus

Question 2

cytokinesis

Answer 2

divides cytoplasm to form 2 new cells, each w/ one nucleus

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

divides nucleus so both daughter cells are genetically identical, division of nucleus to form 2 nuclei

Question 4

meiosis

Answer 4

reproduction division, produces, genetically variable daughter cells that contain half of genetic info of parent cell

Question 5

chromatin

Answer 5

genetic material

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

tightly coiled chromatin; 2 halves of sister chromatids, joined at centromere

Question 7

diploid cells

Answer 7

2 copies of every chromosome, forming homologous chormosomes

Question 8

homologous chormosomes

Answer 8

one homologue originated fr maternal, other fr paternal

Question 9

how many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 9

46, 23 homologous pairs; 92 chromatids

Question 10

cell cycle

Answer 10

sequence of events that occurs during life of most eukaryotic cells

Question 11

interphase

Answer 11

period cell not divide, chromatic enclosed in clearly defined nuclear envelop

Question 12

nucleoeli

Answer 12

within nucleus

Question 13

microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs)

Answer 13

outside nucleus, adj to one another

are centrosomes in animals, contain pair of centrioles

Question 14

M phase

Answer 14

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 15

4 phasees of mitosis

Answer 15

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (cytokinesis begins during telophasae)

Question 16

prophase (condensation)

Answer 16

nucleoli disappear, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelop breaks down, mitotic spindle assembled

Question 17

assembly of mitotic spindles

Answer 17

begins as MTOCs move apart to opp poles of nucleus, develop fr each MTOC, increasing length bu adding tubulin units to microtubule ends away fro MTOC

Question 18

kinetochore

Answer 18

specialized region in centromere, where microtubules connect

Question 19

metaphase (alignment)

Answer 19

chromosomes aligned across metaphase plate, ends when microtubules pull chromosome apart into 2 chromatids (each has centromere and kinetochore; once separated fro sister chromatid is called a chromosome)

Question 20

metaphase plate

Answer 20

plan between 2 poles of spindle

Question 21

anaphase (separation)

Answer 21

begins after chromosomes separated into chromatids; microtubules connected to chromatids shorted, pull to opposite poles; shorten as tubulin units uncoupled at chromosome ends