Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biologists use ___ and ___ to study ___

A

microscopes, biochemistry, cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell walls were first seen by

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who first saw living cells?

A

Antoni van Leeuwehoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

light microscope (LM)

A

visible light passed through specimen and glass lenses; lenses refract light to magnify image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 parameters for microscope

A

magnification, resolution, contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

magnification

A

ratio of object’s image size to real size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

resolution

A

clarity of image; min distance 2 points can be separated and still be distinguished as separate points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contrast

A

difference in brightness between light/dark areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organelles

A

membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

electron microscope (EM)

A

focuses beam of electrons through specimen/onto surface

resolution is inversely related to wavelength of light/electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

detailed study of topography of specimen
electron beam scans surface of sample, which excites electrons on the surface and they’re detected by a device that translates the pattern of electrons into an electronic signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

types of LM

A

brightfield (stained/unstained), phase contrast, differential-interference-contrast (nomarski), fluorescence, confocal, deconvolution, super-resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

types of EM

A

SEM and TEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A

study internal structure of cells
aims electron beam through very thin section of specimen
use electromagnets as lenses to bend paths of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cytology

A

study of cell structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

biochemistry

A

study of chemical processes (metabolism) of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cell fractionation

A

technique for taking cells apart and separating major organelles and sub cellular structures from one another
uses centrifuge which spins around test tubs w/ mixtures of disrupted cells at series of increasing speeds
resulting force causes subset to settle to the bottom of tube
enables bulk of a specific cell component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

___ cells have internal membranes and ___ their functions

A

eukaryotic, compartmentalize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cytosol

A

semifluid, jellylike substance, in all cells, subcell components suspended in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chromosomes

A

carry genes in DNA form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ribosomes

A

make proteins according to gene instructions

22
Q

eukaryotic cell

A

DNA in nucleus, bound by double membrane

23
Q

prokaryotic cell

A

DNA concentrated in region not membrane enclosed (nucleoid)

24
Q

cytoplasm

A

region between nucleus and plasma membrane

interior of either type of cell

25
Q

which is larger: eukaryotic/prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

26
Q

plasma membrane

A

selective barrier for passage of O2, nutrients, wastes; encloses cell

27
Q

larger organisms don’t have larger cells

A

just have more cells

28
Q

microvilli

A

long, thin projections that increase SA w/o increase in volume

29
Q

flagellum

A

motility structure present in some animal cells

comprised of cluster of microtubules within an extension of plasma membrane

30
Q

centrosome

A

region where cell’s microtubules are initiated

contains pair of centrioles

31
Q

cytoskeleton

A

reinforces cell’s shape; functions in cell movement; component are made of protein; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

32
Q

peroxisome

A

organelle w/ various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as by product, then converts to water

33
Q

mitochondrion

A

organelle where cell respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

34
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (RER/SER)

A

network of membranous sacs and tubs; active in membrane synthesis and synthetic/metabolic processes
has rough and smooth regions

35
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane enclosing nucleus, perforated by pores, continuous w/ ER
nucleus

36
Q

nucleolus

A

nonmembrane structure involved in production of ribosomes; nucleus has 1+ nucleoli
nucleus

37
Q

chromatin

A

material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes
nucleus

38
Q

ribosomes

A

complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol/bound to RER/nuclear envelope

39
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, secretion of cell produts

40
Q

lysosome

A

digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

41
Q

central vacuole

A

prominent organelle in older plant cells; storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules

42
Q

choloroplast

A

photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

43
Q

plasmodesmata

A

cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

44
Q

cell wall

A

outer layer that maintains cell’s shape and protects cell fr mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, protein

45
Q

____ cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the ___ and carried out by the ___

A

eukaryotic, nucleus, ribosomes

46
Q

nucleus

A

contains most of genes in eukaryotic cells; most conspicuous organelle

47
Q

nuclear envelope

A

encloses nucleus; double membrane w/ phosopholipid bilayer

48
Q

nuclear lamina

A

netlike array of protein filaments that maintain shape of nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope; lines nuclear side of envelope

49
Q

chromosomes

A

carry genetic info; contains 1 long DNA molecule associated w/ many proteins

50
Q

chromatin

A

DNA and proteins making up chromosomes

Bio (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions