Molde 3: Disaccharides

Question 1

it has 2 monosaccharides that are linked by acetal formation

Answer 1

disaccharides

Question 2

one monosaccharide acts as a hemiacetal and other as alcohol, what is the resulting bond?

Answer 2

glycosidic bond

Question 3

• it is a malt sugar and found in corn syrup, malt, and germinating seeds
• a reducing sugar

Answer 3

maltose

Question 4

contains two molecules of glucose joined by (a1 -> 4) glycosidic bonds

Answer 4

maltose

Question 5

it is table sugar, cane sugar, or beet sugar

Answer 5

sucrose

Question 6

the mose abundant disaccharide and found in plants

Answer 6

sucrose

Question 7

• produced commercially from sugar cane and sugar beets
• nonreducing disaccharide

Answer 7

sucrose

Question 8

it is a milk sugar

Answer 8

lactose

Question 9

consists of D-galactose with a (B 1 -> 4) glycosidic linkage to D glucose

Answer 9

lastose

Question 10

it is a condition where people lack the enzyme lactase that is needed to hydrolyze lactose to galactose and glucose

Answer 10

lactose intolerance

Question 11

a genetic disease caused by the absence of the enzymes needed for conversion of galactose and glucose

Answer 11

galactosemia

Question 12

if galactosemia is not treated it leads to what

Answer 12

severe mental retardation, cataracts, and early deaths

Question 13

major fragments isolated after extensive hydrolysis of cellulose

Answer 13

cellobiose

Question 14

where 2 glucose units are joined by a (B 1-> 4) glycosidic linkages

Answer 14

cellobiose

Question 15

it is easily digested by humans because we have enzymes that can break (a1-> 4) linkages bu not (B 1-> 4) linakges of cellobiose

Answer 15

maltose

Question 16

this enzyme hydrolyzes sucrose to invert sugar

Answer 16

invertase

Question 17

it is predominantly a mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose with some unhydrolyzed sucrose

Answer 17

honey

Question 18

it has a much greater tendency to remain in solution

Answer 18

invert sugar

Question 19

it is a noncarbohydrate sweeter made from aspartic acid and a methyl ester of the amino acid phenylalanine

Answer 19

aspartame

Question 20

it is made from sucrose by replacingsome of the hyrdoxyl groups with chlorine atoms

Answer 20

sucralose

Question 21

what is sugar substitute of fructose

Answer 21

sucralose (splenda)

Question 22

what is sugar substitute of invert sugar

Answer 22

saccharine (sweet ‘n low)

Question 23

what is sugar substitute of sucrose

Answer 23

acesulfame potassium

Question 24

what is sugar substitute of glucose

Answer 24

sunnete, sweet one

Question 25

what is sugar substitute of maltose

Answer 25

aspartame (equal, nutrasweet)

Question 26

what is sugar substitute of galactose

Answer 26

reviana (truvia, purevia)

Question 27

what is sugar substitute of lactose

Answer 27

neotame

Question 28

it is commonly found in onions, cabbage, broccoli, and wheat

Answer 28

oligosaccharides

Question 29

it is a potato skin and an oligosaccharide found in associate with an alkaloid bitter taste of potatos

Answer 29

solanine

Question 30

alternate of polysaccharide

Answer 30

glycan

Question 31

it has negative results with tollens and benedicts test

Answer 31

polysaccharide

Question 32

it contains more than 2p monosaccharides linked with glycosidic linkages

Answer 32

polysaccharides

Question 33

different classifications of polysaccharides

Answer 33

1. storage polysaccharides (starch, glycogen)
2. structural polysaccharides (cellulose and chitin)
3. acidic polysaccharide (heparin, and hyaluronic acid)

Question 34

list down examples of homopolysccharides

Answer 34

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, and carageenan

Question 35

list down examples of hetepolysaccharides

Answer 35

peptidoglycan, hyaluronic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and alginic acid

Question 36

a polysaccharide that is a storage form of monosaccharides and is used as an energy source in cells

Answer 36

storage polysaccharides

Question 37

a homopolysaccharide containing only glucose

energy storage polysaccharide on plants

Answer 37

starch

Question 38

the chief caloric distributor in the diet

contains two types of glucose polymers

Answer 38

starch

Question 39

what are the two types of glucose polymers

Answer 39

amylose abd amylopectin

Question 40

it is 15-20% of the starch, 300-500 D-glucose units joined by (a1 -> 4) glycosidic bonds

Answer 40

amylose

Question 41

it is long, unbranched chain polymer

water-soluble fraction

Answer 41

amylose

Question 42

it is a branched chain polymer

80-85% of the starch

Answer 42

amylopectin

Question 43

• composed of 300-6000 D-glucose units joined primarily by a(1→ 4) glycosidic bonds and occasionally by (a 1→6) glycosidic bonds

Answer 43

Amylopectin

Question 44

(a1→6) bonds are responsible for branching which occurs about once
every 25-30 units

Answer 44

Amylopectin

Question 45

• glucose storage molecule of animals
• stored in granules in liver and skeletal muscle cells
  *gives red-brown color with I2

Answer 45

Glycogen

Question 46

like amylopectin, is a nonlinear polymer of glucose
units joined by (a 1→4) and (a 1→6) glycosidic bonds
but has lower molecular weight

Answer 46

Glycogen

Question 47

Polysaccharide that serve as a structural element in plant cell wall and animal exoskeletons

Answer 47

Structural polysaccharides

Question 48

• fibrous carbohydrate found in plants, most abundant polysaccharide
• structural component of the plant’s cell wall

Answer 48

Cellulose

Question 49

ruminants (cows, goats) and termites have microorganisms (Trichonympha) within their digestive tracts that produce

Answer 49

cellulase

Question 50

a linear polymer of glucose units joined by ( 1→4) glycosidic bonds

Answer 50

Cellulose

Question 51

gives rigidity to the exoskeletons of crabs, lobsters,
shrimp, insects, and other arthropods

Answer 51

Chitin