Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry LEC > Module 1: Intro to the Cell > Flashcards

Module 1: Intro to the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

The Science of obtaining,
processing, and communicating information about
the composition and structure of matter

A

Analytical chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of properties and
behavior of inorganic compounds, including
metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds

A

Inorganic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The study of the structure, properties, and reactions of compounds and materials that contain carbon atoms

A

Organic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The study of how matter
behaves on a molecular and atomic level and
how chemical reactions occur

A

Physical chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The branch of science in which you
study the chemical and physical
processes that occur in an organism

A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The study of the structure,
composition, and chemical reactions of
substances in living systems

A

Biological chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The science that is concerned with
the structures, interactions, and
transformations of biological
molecules

A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chemical substance found within a living organism

A

Biochemical substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The study of the chemical
substances found in living organisms
and the chemical interactions of
these substances with each other

A

Biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

water and inorganic salts are examples of

A

Bio inorganic substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CHO, lipids, CHON, & nucleic acids are examples of

A

Bioorganic substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Percentage of Water

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Percentage of Inorganic Salt

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Percentage of Proteins

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Percentage of Lipids

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Percentage of Carbohydrates

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Percentage of Nucleic Acids

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(basic structural units of living organisms) are highly
organized and constant source of energy is required to
maintain the ordered state.

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All organisms use the same type of molecules:

A

CHO, CHON,
lipids & nucleic acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many different kinds of biomolecules do animal and plant cells contain

A

10,000 kinds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

water, constitutes ______% of
cells content by weight

A

50-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

responsible for almost infinite
variety of organic molecules

A

Carbon (C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most biomolecules are derived from

A

Hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

molecules of carbon,
oxygen, and hydrogen. Major source of energy for
cells

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two types of amino acids

A

Essential, Nonessential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hydrophobic
composed mostly of
carbon and hydrogen

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Amino Acids are made up of ______

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

polymers of
nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a phosphate +
sugar backbone+
a nitrogenous
base

A

Nucleotide

26
Q

Nucleotides are of two types,
depending on the sugar

A

RNA, DNA

27
Q

What does RNA stand for and what is its structure

A

ribonucleic acid (single stranded)

27
Q

the hereditary material in nearly all organisms

A

DNA

27
Q

the structure of a DNA molecule
is a double helix made up of

A

nucleotides

28
Q

What does DNA stand for and what is its structure

A

deoxyribonucleic acid
(double stranded)

28
Q

The structural and
functional units of all living organisms

A

Cells

28
Q

What are the foundations of biochemistry

A
  • Cellular
  • Chemical
  • Physical
  • Genetic
  • Evolutionary
29
Q

what are the base pairing rules

A

A with T, G with C

29
Q

Composed of lipid and protein molecules
Defines the periphery of the cell, separating its contents from the surroundings.

A

Plasma membrane

30
Q

Composed of an aqueous solution, the cytosol.

A

Cytoplasm

31
Q

A highly concentrated solution containing
enzymes and the RNA molecules that
encode them.

A

Cytosol

31
Q

composed of CHON and RNA
molecules –sites of CHON synthesis

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

compound essential to many enzyme-catalyzed reactions

A

Coenzymes

32
Q

intermediates in biosynthetic and
degradative pathways

A

Metabolites

33
Q

Genome is stored and replicated

A

Nucleus/Nucleoid

34
Q

Protein synthesizing machines

A

Ribosomes

34
Q

In bacteria, is not separated from the
cytoplasm by a membrane

A

Nucleoid

35
Q

Consist of nuclear material enclosed within
a double membrane, the nuclear
envelope

A

Nucleus

36
Q

Cells with nuclear envelopes

A

Eukaryotes

37
Q

Without nuclear envelopes

A

prokaryotes

38
Q

Oxidizes fatty acids

A

Peroxisome

39
Q

Degrades intracellular debris

A

Lysosome

40
Q

shuttles lipids and proteins between ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane

A

Transport vesicle

41
Q

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

A

Nucleolus

42
Q

processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for export

A

Golgi complex

42
Q

the site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

43
Q

segregates chromatin from cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

43
Q

genes contained in the nucleus

A

chromatin

44
Q

Site of much protein synthesis

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

45
Q

Oxidizes fuels to produce ATP

A

Mitochondrion

45
Q

organisms that receive energy from chemical compounds

A

chemotrophs

46
Q

organisms that receive energy from light

A

phototrophs

47
Q

organisms that have carbon from organic compounds

A

heterotrophs

48
Q

organisms that receive energy from inorganic compounds

A

lithotrophs

49
Q

organisms that receive carbon from CO2

A

autotrophs

49
Q

organisms that receive energy from organic compounds

A

organotrophs

50
Q

most abundant elements in
living organisms

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

50
Q

chemical motifs, or patterns of atoms

A

Functional groups

50
Q

organisms that receive carbon from organic compounds

A

Heterotrophs

51
Q

changes in the
nucleotide sequence of DNA

A

Genetic mutation

51
Q
  • nonliving
  • obligate intracellular parasites – only demonstrate
    characteristics of life while “inside” a host cell: bacterium,
    animal cell, or plant cell
A

Viruses

51
Q

Basic virus particle is called a

A

virion

52
Q

are infectious proteins,
which cause
scrappie in sheep,
Kuru in humans,
BSE (Bovine
Spongiform
Encephalopathy)
in cattle, and CJD
(Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Disease) in people
(mad cow in
humans)

A

Prions

Biochemistry LEC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions