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Biochemistry LEC > Module 1: Intro to the Cell > Flashcards

Module 1: Intro to the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

The Science of obtaining,
processing, and communicating information about
the composition and structure of matter

A

Analytical chemistry

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2
Q

The study of properties and
behavior of inorganic compounds, including
metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds

A

Inorganic chemistry

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3
Q

The study of the structure, properties, and reactions of compounds and materials that contain carbon atoms

A

Organic chemistry

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4
Q

The study of how matter
behaves on a molecular and atomic level and
how chemical reactions occur

A

Physical chemistry

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4
Q

The branch of science in which you
study the chemical and physical
processes that occur in an organism

A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

The study of the structure,
composition, and chemical reactions of
substances in living systems

A

Biological chemistry

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5
Q

The science that is concerned with
the structures, interactions, and
transformations of biological
molecules

A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

chemical substance found within a living organism

A

Biochemical substance

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6
Q

The study of the chemical
substances found in living organisms
and the chemical interactions of
these substances with each other

A

Biochemistry

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6
Q

water and inorganic salts are examples of

A

Bio inorganic substances

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7
Q

CHO, lipids, CHON, & nucleic acids are examples of

A

Bioorganic substances

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8
Q

Percentage of Water

A

70%

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9
Q

Percentage of Inorganic Salt

A

5%

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10
Q

Percentage of Proteins

A

15%

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11
Q

Percentage of Lipids

A

8%

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12
Q

Percentage of Carbohydrates

A

2%

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13
Q

Percentage of Nucleic Acids

A

2%

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14
Q

(basic structural units of living organisms) are highly
organized and constant source of energy is required to
maintain the ordered state.

A

Cells

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15
Q

All organisms use the same type of molecules:

A

CHO, CHON,
lipids & nucleic acids.

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16
Q

How many different kinds of biomolecules do animal and plant cells contain

A

10,000 kinds

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17
Q

water, constitutes ______% of
cells content by weight

A

50-95%

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18
Q

responsible for almost infinite
variety of organic molecules

A

Carbon (C)

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19
Q

Most biomolecules are derived from

A

Hydrocarbons

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20
Q

molecules of carbon,
oxygen, and hydrogen. Major source of energy for
cells

A

Carbohydrates

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21
polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Proteins
22
Two types of amino acids
Essential, Nonessential
23
hydrophobic composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen
Lipids
24
Amino Acids are made up of ______
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
25
polymers of nucleotides
Nucleic acids
25
a phosphate + sugar backbone+ a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide
26
Nucleotides are of two types, depending on the sugar
RNA, DNA
27
What does RNA stand for and what is its structure
ribonucleic acid (single stranded)
27
the hereditary material in nearly all organisms
DNA
27
the structure of a DNA molecule is a double helix made up of
nucleotides
28
What does DNA stand for and what is its structure
deoxyribonucleic acid (double stranded)
28
The structural and functional units of all living organisms
Cells
28
What are the foundations of biochemistry
* Cellular * Chemical * Physical * Genetic * Evolutionary
29
what are the base pairing rules
A with T, G with C
29
Composed of lipid and protein molecules Defines the periphery of the cell, separating its contents from the surroundings.
Plasma membrane
30
Composed of an aqueous solution, the cytosol.
Cytoplasm
31
A highly concentrated solution containing enzymes and the RNA molecules that encode them.
Cytosol
31
composed of CHON and RNA molecules –sites of CHON synthesis
Ribosomes
31
compound essential to many enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Coenzymes
32
intermediates in biosynthetic and degradative pathways
Metabolites
33
Genome is stored and replicated
Nucleus/Nucleoid
34
Protein synthesizing machines
Ribosomes
34
In bacteria, is not separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane
Nucleoid
35
Consist of nuclear material enclosed within a double membrane, the nuclear envelope
Nucleus
36
Cells with nuclear envelopes
Eukaryotes
37
Without nuclear envelopes
prokaryotes
38
Oxidizes fatty acids
Peroxisome
39
Degrades intracellular debris
Lysosome
40
shuttles lipids and proteins between ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane
Transport vesicle
41
Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Nucleolus
42
processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for export
Golgi complex
42
the site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
43
segregates chromatin from cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
43
genes contained in the nucleus
chromatin
44
Site of much protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
45
Oxidizes fuels to produce ATP
Mitochondrion
45
organisms that receive energy from chemical compounds
chemotrophs
46
organisms that receive energy from light
phototrophs
47
organisms that have carbon from organic compounds
heterotrophs
48
organisms that receive energy from inorganic compounds
lithotrophs
49
organisms that receive carbon from CO2
autotrophs
49
organisms that receive energy from organic compounds
organotrophs
50
most abundant elements in living organisms
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon
50
chemical motifs, or patterns of atoms
Functional groups
50
organisms that receive carbon from organic compounds
Heterotrophs
51
changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
Genetic mutation
51
* nonliving * obligate intracellular parasites – only demonstrate characteristics of life while “inside” a host cell: bacterium, animal cell, or plant cell
Viruses
51
Basic virus particle is called a
virion
52
are infectious proteins, which cause scrappie in sheep, Kuru in humans, BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) in cattle, and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) in people (mad cow in humans)
Prions

Biochemistry LEC (8 decks)

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