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HEMA II LEC > MolBio > Flashcards

MolBio Flashcards

1
Q

Which mutation could result from alteration due to transition or transversion of a single nitrogenous base?

A

Point Mutation

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2
Q

A type of recombination where viruses infecting a bacterium
transfer the genetic code between bacteria by growing the phage on one strain and then infecting a second strain.

A

Transduction

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3
Q

Which of the following degrades RNA?

A

Ribonuclease

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4
Q

Which is a type of helicase that relaxes or prevent super twisted DNA?

A

Topoisomerase

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5
Q

Which results in local folding of polypeptide backbone into helical, pleated sheets or random conformations?

A

Secondary Protein Structure

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6
Q

The first mRNA codon specifies this amino acid which serves as the initiation complex in protein translation.

A

Methionine

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7
Q

Which structure is attached to the 3’ end of the mRNA during RNA processing as preparation for protein translation?

A

200 adenines forming a poly A tail

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8
Q

What is the type of RNA with a cloverleaf conformation where its three loops contain three bases forming an anticodon?

A

tRNA

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9
Q

During DNA replication, the new bases are added starting from
which structure in the replication fork?

A

RNA Primer

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10
Q

Which significant process involves the addition of the RNA
nucleotides by RNA polymerase depending on the sequence the DNA specifies?

A

Transcription

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11
Q

Which part of the nucleotide carries the genetic information?

A

Nitrogenous Base

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12
Q

What is the type of chemical attraction responsible for holding the DNA base pairs together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

This is a protein where DNA coils around forming structures that resemble beads on a string.

A

Histones

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14
Q

How does the DNA double helix form become symmetrical?

A

When nucleotides A pair with 1 and subsequently G pair with C

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15
Q

Which represents the anti-parallel alignment of the double stranded DNA?

A

One strand run based on number 5 carbon af the top to the
number 3 carbon and the other strand runs from the number 3
to the numbers carbon

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16
Q

Which is true about RNA?

A

RNA fold and loop upon themselves to take on a
double-stranded character

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17
Q

Why is the process of RNA transcription selective and efficient?

A

Transcription factors regulate which specific genes needed to
be transcribed

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18
Q

In Griffith’s experiment, how does the non-virulent strain of the
bacteria transform into a virulent strain?

A

DNA is passed from Type S bacteria into Type R bacteria to
encase itself in smooth coat

19
Q

How does mRNA form from the template DNA strand?

A
  • Enzymes unwind the DNA double helix
  • Transcription factors and necessary enzymes are attracted to
    a promoter
  • Recognition of the end of the gene
  • Enzymes add the RNA nucleotides depending on the sequence
    the DNA specifies
20
Q

Which type of mutation is capable of adding a genetic material?
1-Deletion mutation
2- Expanding repeats
3-Frameshift mutation
4-Insertion mutation
5-Transposons
6-Tandem Duplication

A

2, 4 and 6

21
Q

What type of nucleic acid isolation method is referred to as a
salting-out procedure?

A

Inorganic DNA isolation method

22
Q

What is a cation-chelating resin that can be used for simple
extraction of DNA?

A

Chelex

23
Q

What is the first step of DNA isolation methods?

A

Cell disruption

24
Q

To inactivate RNAses, how are tissues prepared for RNA isolation?

A

Dissociated while frozen in liquid nitrogen

25
Q

How does cell lysis step of organic RNA isolation occur?

A

Done in phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol solution with the
ratio 25:24:1

26
Q

What is the most abundant RNA fraction and how much of the total RNA does it comprise?

A

Messenger RNA (75-85%)

27
Q

Using electrophoresis, how would a laboratory scientist know that the genomic DNA extracted is of good quality?

A

Presence of bright band with low mobility

28
Q

Using a spectrophotometer, nucleic acids absorb light at through the adenine

A

260nm

29
Q

Fluorescent spectroscopy measures fluorescence related to DNA concentration in association with DNA-specific fluorescent dyes. What dye is currently used by modern Fluorometry procedures that combines with adenine-thymine base pairs in the minor groove of the DNA double helix and is thus specific for intact double. stranded DNA?

A

Hoechst 33258

30
Q

There are three techniques utilized to assess the quality of yielded DNA or RNA. Which of these methods rely on the Beer-Lambert Law?

A

Spectrophotometry

31
Q

Which of the following is an enzyme product utilized to breakdown bacterial or fungal tough cell walls?

A

lysozyme

32
Q

Which of the following precautionary measures would help one achieve an RNAse-free working area?

A

Allocation of a separate RNAse-free area of the laboratory for
storage of materials and specimen handling

33
Q

Which of these steps DOES NOT guarantee isolation of
mitochondrial DNA through centrifugation?

A

Mitochondrial DNA can then be precipitated with warm ethanol with DNAse and resuspended in appropriate buffers for analysis.

34
Q

Extraction of DNA with chelating resin is most commonly used in which of the following laboratory/study?

A

forensic analysis

35
Q

Why is it that protocols employing oligomers of thymine or uracil immobilized on a matrix resin column are often used to enrich the yields of mRNA?

A

The polyT or polyU oligomers will bind the polyA tail found
exclusively on mRNA

36
Q

Which is not a requirement in order for the mRNA to be translated?

A

The genetic code overlaps

37
Q

Which scenario doesn’t happen during DNA replication?

A

New bonds between complementary bases and incorporated
nucleotides form into a strong chain.

38
Q

Which is a relevant application of recombination?

A
  • It results to a genetic combination of the child similar to the
    parents
  • The manipulation of a specific gene has implications in the
    potential prevention of diseases
  • The diversity in recombination cannot predict traits after
    reproduction
39
Q

Which does not lead to the deduction of the overall structure of DNA molecule

A

A suggestion that the DNA has a triple helix structure

40
Q

From a one mL sample of blood, what is the expected yield of
RNA?

A

1-10 ug

41
Q

Which of the following steps DOES NOT belong to the DNA organic isolation methods?

A

After the cell lysis step, DNAse is added to remove
contaminating DNA.

42
Q

Which of the following steps does not belong to the DNA inorganic isolation methods?

A

Further purification of DNA sample requires removal of
contaminating proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and debris and
it is accomplished through an organic mixture of phenol and
chloroform.

43
Q

Which of these situations would indicate that we had extracted a good quality of nucleic acid material?

A

A DNA sample exposed to 260nm and 280nm wavelengths of a spectrophotometer. The 260 nm/280 nm ratio is 1.5

44
Q

If the Ficoll solution is not available for differential density gradient centrifugation of whole blood, which of these techniques will help in preparing nucleic acids for isolation from WBCs?

A

Incubation of whole blood in the hypotonic buffer will result in
lysis of the RBCs before the WBCs. The WBCs are then
pelleted by centrifugation, leaving the empty RBC membranes
in suspension.

HEMA II LEC (6 decks)

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