modules 6 and 7 Flashcards
from soma to terminals
Anterograde Transport
from terminals to atom hillock
retrograde transport
Multipolar neurons
most abundant in the body
Difference between electrical junction and chemical junction
Electrical- Gap junction
Chemical- more numerous synaptic cleft
Snare protein
on membrane of vesicle and cell that fuse the membrane and the cell together causing exocytosis
nicotinic type two ligand gated channel
Neuron to neuron
Na+ channel on the post synaptic membrane
Nicotinic type one
Neuron to muscle
Ipsp
Hyperpolarization
Epsp
Depolarization
Temporal summation
many signals through one
spatial summation
Faster
signals through many different
if ion are close to the hillock then the signal will be
Strong
Astrocyte
- provides nutrients from blood to neuron
- forms blood brain barrier
- Glycogen storage
- Soak up K+ from ECF
Ependymal Cells
- produce cerebral spinal fluid
- line the ventricles
Microglial cell
Respond to infections
-eat damage cells in the brain
Oligodendrocytes
Provides myelin sheaths for many axons at one time in the CNS
Satellite cells
Protect the soma
PNS
what shortens in a sarcomere
H-zone and the I-band
What does a bullet travel through before it hits your bone
Epimysium- fasiculous- perimysium- fascicoli-endomysium- muscle fiber
sarcolemma
muscle cell membrane
DHPR
Hit with action potential will open hole in the Sarcplasmic reticulum and allows Ca++ to flow out
Serca pump
Ca++ ATPase pump
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Wheelchairs are needed at 7-12 years of age
Doesn’t have Dystrophin
Dystrophin
transfers energy from the shortening of sarcomeres to the entire muscle
where does the cross bridge form?
between the myosin head and the g-actin site
A-band
length on the myosin
I-band
Will it shorten?
made of actin with a z disk in the middle
Will shorten in length
terminal cisterna
terminal ends of the SR
Triad?
two terminal cisterna and a t- tubule
what is inside of the t-tubule?
ECF
lag phase
starts when an Action potential is propagated and hits the calcium voltage gated channel in the presynaptic– ends when calcium binds to troponin
Moter unit
one motor neuron and all muscle fibers
what makes up the CNS
Everything else?
Brain and Spinal cord
PNS
Biopolar neuron
Retna and olfactory system
Sensory
Multipolar
99% of all neurons
Efferent
motor
Unipolar
sensory and afferent
Neurons
send electrical signal and propigate action potentials
Astrocyte
Cover surfaces of neurons and blood vessels that supply neurons
Protect from heavy metals
Regulate ECF levels
Blood brain barrier
What forms the blood brain barrier?
Astrocyte
where is the astrocytes located
CNS
Glial cells
anything that is not a nueron
Microglia
gets rid of cellular junk
Oligodendrocytes
makes myelin in the CNS
Satellite cell
Same at a astrocyte, but located in the PNS
What disease if no oligodendrocytes?
MS
Dendrites are always ——
Post-synaptic
temporal summation
one presynaptic with signals coming in close succession
spatial summation
multipule presynaptic
hypertrophy
muscle fibers get bigger
