modules 11-12 Flashcards
Medulla Oblongota
Life supporting reflexes- breathing, heart rate, swallowing, vomiting
-contains ascending and descending nerve tracts
Contains decussation
decussation
crossing over
where is the corpora quadrigenina located
Midbrain
What are the two parts of the corpora quadrigemina
superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
What is the superior colliculi’s job
Visual reflex center- controls eye movement
Inferior colliculi
auditory input- move your head and eyes to where the sound was
what is the substantial nigra part of?
basal ganglia of the Midbrain
what disease do you get if your substantial nigra is severed?
Parkinson’s disease
cerebellum
Movement, balance, learning motor skills
What would happen if you damaged the cerebellum?
Jerky movements and intention tremors
Diencephalon is made up of what?
Thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus
Thalamus
Relay for sensor information- sensory info synapses here before projecting to cerebrum
What are 2 parts of the thalamus?
Medial geniculate nucleus and lateral geniculate nucleus
Medial geniculate nucleus
auditory information
lateral geniculate nucleus
visual information
epithalamus is made up of what two things
habenula and pineal body
Pineal body functions
Melatonin
Melatonin
sleep, antioxidant(shift workers, alzheimers), delays onset of puberty
what delays onset of puberty?
melatonin
Habenula
emotional responses to odors/smell memory and other stuff
what does the pineal gland secrete?
melatonin
Hypothalamus
Regulation of body temp, thirst and hunger, helps regulate ANS functions, regulates endocrine function( growth hormone, thyroid hormone ect)
Precentral gyrus is AKA
primary motor cortex
Post central guru is AKA
primary somatic sensory cortex
frontal lobe functions
voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, mood, personality
parietal lobe functions
reception and evaluation of sensory touch
Occipital lobe functions
reception and integration of visual input
Temporal lobe functions
reception and evaluation for smell and hearing
Broca’s area
frontal lobe- initiates muscle movements necessary for speech
wernicke’s area
temporal lobe- auditory or visual comprehension of language
what makes up the brain stem?
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation
Pons functions
controls respiratory rate and function
midbrain controls
reflexes
where is the post central gyrus located?
parietal lobe
where is the limbic sister located?
part of cerebrum and diencephalon
what does the limbic system control?
appetites- food and sex
emotions- desires, rage, jealousy, aggression, memory, reproduction, survival
when is out limbic system fully developed
25 yo
the limbic system is
the natural man
4 factors of the addictiveness of a substance
- highly stimulating version of a natural product
- available in limitless supply
- comes in lots of varieties
- may cause a binge without realizing it is triggering brain changes
three stages of memory?
working, short-term, long-term
how long does working memory last?
seconds
how long does short term memory last?
minutes to days
What are the two types of long term memory?
Declarative (explicit) and procedural(implicit)
explicit memory involves
test questions, address
implicit memory involves
playing the piano
where does working memory most occur?
frontal cortex
where does short term memory occur?
temporal lobe:
hippocampus- factual content
amygdala- emotional overtones
consolidation
occurs in long term memory
more and stronger sysanpses-> produce dendritic spine
Memory engram
series of neurons and their patter of activity
Anterograde amnesia
can’t make new memories after neurological insult
why can’t you remember what happens after and accident?
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
most common
difficulty retrieving memories that were from before the injury
what is it called when you can’t remember what happened before the accident
retrograde amnesia
shaken baby syndrome causes
venous- subdural hematomas
epidural hemorrhages
arterial- most superior type
subarachnoid hemorrhages
vessels
nerves with sensory functions
olfactory, poetic, vestibulocochlear
nerds with somatic motor functions
Trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal
nerves with somatic motor and sensory
trigeminal
nerves with Somatic motor, sensory, and parasympathetic
facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
somatic motor and parasympathetic nerve
oculomotor
Olfactory nerve
smell
optic nerve
vision
oculomotor nerve
eyeball movement (somatic),
miosis( parasympathetic)
accommodation
trochlear nerve
eyeball movement
trigeminal nerve
chewing, sensory cutaneous innervation of head
abducens nerve
eyeball movement
facial nerve
facial expression, taste, salivation and lacrimation
capsaicin occurs in what type of food?
spicy food
