Modules 37-44

Question 1

What is Motivation?

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

What is instinct?

Answer 2

a complex unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species

Question 3

What is the drive reduction theory

Answer 3

the idea that a physioogical need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 4

What is homeostasis

Answer 4

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around particular level

Question 5

What is an incentive?

Answer 5

a positive or negative enviormental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 6

What is Yerkes-Dodson law?

Answer 6

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.

Question 7

hierarchy of need is?

Answer 7

Marslows pyramid of human needs. beginning at the base with physiogical needs that must first be satisfied before higher level saftey needs and then psychological needs become active

Question 8

glucose

Answer 8

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low we feel hunger.

Question 9

set point

Answer 9

the point at which an individuals weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weigth an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weigth.

Question 10

basal metabolic rate

Answer 10

the bodys resting rate of energy expendature

Question 11

sexual response cycle

Answer 11

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and johnson- excitement, plateau,orgasm, and resolution.

Question 12

refractory period

Answer 12

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Question 13

Sexual dysfunction

Answer 13

a problem that consitently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Question 14

estrogens

Answer 14

sex hormones such as estradiol screted in greater amounts by females that by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual recieval.

Question 15

testosterone

Answer 15

the most important of the male sex hormones both males and femals have it but the additonal testoerone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs n the fetus and the development of the male sx charcteristics during puberty

Question 16

emotion

Answer 16

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experience.

Question 17

James-Lange theory

Answer 17

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our phsiological responses to emotion arousing stimulit

Question 18

Cannon- Bard theory

Answer 18

the theory tht an emotion arousing stimulussimultaneously triggers. (1)physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Question 19

two- factor theory

Answer 19

the Schachter singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitvely label the arousal.

Question 20

facial feedback effect

Answer 20

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear,anger or happiness

Question 21

health psychology

Answer 21

a subfield of psychology that provides psycholgys contribution to behavioral medicine.

Question 22

stress

Answer 22

the process by which we percieve and respond to certain events. called stressors that we appraise as threatning or challenging.

Question 23

general adaption syndrome

Answer 23

selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response to stress in three phases alarms, resitance and exhaustion

Question 24

tend and befriend response

Answer 24

under stress people often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others.

Question 25

psychophysiological illness

Answer 25

literally mind body illness, any stress related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Question 26

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 26

the study of how psychological nureal and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 27

lymphocytes

Answer 27

the 2 type of white blood cells that are part of the bodys immune system. B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antiobodies that fight bacteria infections. T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lympatic tissue and attack cancer cells viruses and foreign substances.

Question 28

coronary heart disease

Answer 28

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle the leading cause of death in many develpped countries.