Modules 37-44 Flashcards
What is Motivation?
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
What is instinct?
a complex unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species
What is the drive reduction theory
the idea that a physioogical need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
What is homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state, the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around particular level
What is an incentive?
a positive or negative enviormental stimulus that motivates behavior
What is Yerkes-Dodson law?
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
hierarchy of need is?
Marslows pyramid of human needs. beginning at the base with physiogical needs that must first be satisfied before higher level saftey needs and then psychological needs become active
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low we feel hunger.
set point
the point at which an individuals weight thermostat is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weigth an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weigth.
basal metabolic rate
the bodys resting rate of energy expendature
sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and johnson- excitement, plateau,orgasm, and resolution.
refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Sexual dysfunction
a problem that consitently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
estrogens
sex hormones such as estradiol screted in greater amounts by females that by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual recieval.
testosterone
the most important of the male sex hormones both males and femals have it but the additonal testoerone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs n the fetus and the development of the male sx charcteristics during puberty
emotion
a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experience.
James-Lange theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our phsiological responses to emotion arousing stimulit
Cannon- Bard theory
the theory tht an emotion arousing stimulussimultaneously triggers. (1)physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.
two- factor theory
the Schachter singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitvely label the arousal.
facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear,anger or happiness
health psychology
a subfield of psychology that provides psycholgys contribution to behavioral medicine.
stress
the process by which we percieve and respond to certain events. called stressors that we appraise as threatning or challenging.
general adaption syndrome
selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response to stress in three phases alarms, resitance and exhaustion
tend and befriend response
under stress people often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others.
psychophysiological illness
literally mind body illness, any stress related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of how psychological nureal and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
lymphocytes
the 2 type of white blood cells that are part of the bodys immune system. B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antiobodies that fight bacteria infections. T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lympatic tissue and attack cancer cells viruses and foreign substances.
coronary heart disease
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle the leading cause of death in many develpped countries.
