Modules 37 + 38 (Unit 5 Part II) Flashcards
Intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
What did Charles Spearman study?
General Intelligence and Factor Analysis
What did L.L. Thurstone do?
opponent of Spearman’s idea that intelligence could be shown in a single score. - tested people mentally in a variety of different areas.
General Intelligence
what is at the heart of all our intelligent behavior and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
Factor Analysis
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score.
What did Howard Gardner do?
Identified 8 different types of intelligence
What 8 different types of intelligence did Gardner identify?
naturalist, linguistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, musical, and logical mathematical.
What is Savant Syndrome? What is it often associated with?
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
What did Robert Sternberg do?
triarchic theory of three intelligences - Analytical, Practical, and Creative.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligences
Analytical, Practical, Creative
What is a criticism of multiple intelligence theories?
- Success isn’t just intelligence - it’s also grit.
- Follow the “10 Year Rule” - if you do something for 10 years (intense, daily practice), you’re good at it.
Emotional Intelligence (four things)
consists of four things - the ability to PERCEIVE, UNDERSTAND, MANAGE, and USE emotions.
Intelligence Test
assesses peoples’ mental aptitudes using numerical scores.
Achievement Test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned.
Aptitude Test
intended to predict your ability to learn (aptitude is the capacity to learn).
What did Francis Galton do/study in terms of intelligence?
natural selection, but with intelligence (“natural ability). Kind of failed though.
What did Alfred Binet do/study in terms of intelligence?
Assigned to create fair tests to designate students’ learning abilities/levels. Also mental age.
Mental Age
a measure of intelligence test performances by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
What did Louis Terman do/study in terms of intelligence?
built on Binet’s work by making the Stanford-Binet test
What is the Stanford-Binet?
the widely used american revision (by Terman at Standford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca x 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
What did David Weschler do/study in terms of intelligence?
created what is now the most widely used individual intelligence tests - the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) .
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used. Contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
Standardization
defining uniform destiny procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
