Modules 33-35

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Refers to a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal

Question 2

Characteristics of motivation

Activation

Answer 2

The initiation or production of behavior

Question 3

Characteristics of motivation

Persistence

Answer 3

Continued efforts or determination to achieve a goal

Question 4

Characteristics of motivation

Intensity

Answer 4

Greater vigor in responding often accompanying motivated behavior

Question 5

Instinct

Answer 5

A fixed pattern of behavior that is not required by learning and is likely to be rooted in genes in the body

Question 6

Instinct theory

Answer 6

Certain human behaviors are innate and due to evolutionary programming

Question 7

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 7

Refers to the idea that humans are motivated to reduce these drives such as eating to reduce the feeling of hunger this restores homeostasis a steady internal state

Question 8

Drive

Answer 8

And aroused or tense of state related to my physicals needed such as hunger or thirst

Question 9

Incentives

Answer 9

Positive or negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior

Question 10

Arousal theory

Answer 10

View that people are motivated to maintain a level of arousal that is optimal neither too high or too low

Question 11

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 11

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then physiological needs become active

Question 12

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 12

The desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable novel or ultimately challenging to do something for its own sake

Question 13

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 13

External factors are influences on behavior such as rewards and consequences or social expectations

Question 14

Baseline metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 14

At rest the rate at which a body uses energy for vital functions

Question 15

Energy balance

Answer 15

Calories consumed match calories expended

Question 16

Glucose

Answer 16

Form of sugar that circulates in blood and provides a major source of energy

Question 17

Orexigenic signals

Answer 17

Tell the brain to switch hunger on

Question 18

Anorexigenic signals

Answer 18

Tell the brain to switch hunger off

Question 19

How do genetic factors cause obesity

Answer 19

Jeans predispose people to obesity when they are in environments that promote over eating

Question 20

Sexual orientation

Answer 20

Refers to one’s preferences as an object of sexual attraction. Emerges in puberty