Module 27

Question 1

What do cognitive psychologists study

Answer 1

How use images create, concepts, solve problems and make decisions and form concepts

Question 2

Cognition

Answer 2

The mental activities associated with acquiring retaining and using knowledge often directed toward a goal purpose or conclusion

Question 3

Mental images

Answer 3

Picture like representations of objects or events that are not physically present

Question 4

What can mental images facilitate

Answer 4

Learning

Question 5

Visualization

Answer 5

A process by which you imagine yourself going through a physical procedure in great detail over and over

Question 6

Concepts

Answer 6

Mental categories in which we place objects activities abstractions and events that have essential features in common

Question 7

Prototypes

Answer 7

Mental images of the best concept

Question 8

What can Prototypes help us do

Answer 8

They can help us make better and faster decisions in new situations

Question 9

Schema

Answer 9

A concept that organizes categories of information on the relationships among them. Example: when where or with who and for how long vacation occurs in what you do on vacation

Question 10

Stereotypes

Answer 10

Schemas that apply to a social group

Question 11

Insight

Answer 11

When the solution seems to pop to mind all of a sudden. Riddles are example of insight problem-solving

Question 12

Incubation effect

Answer 12

Insight often occurs after taking a break from a problem

Question 13

Algorithm

Answer 13

A systematic step by step problem-solving strategy that is guaranteed to produce a solution

Question 14

Heuristics

Answer 14

A mental shortcut or general problem-solving strategy that we apply to a certain class of situations. Fast but not always accurate

Question 15

Confirmation bias

Answer 15

Tendency to notice and use information that confirms our believes in to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 16

Availability heuristic

Answer 16

Judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Question 17

Functional fixedness

Answer 17

A block to problem-solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions

Question 18

Mental set

Answer 18

The tendency for people to persist and using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past

Question 19

Framing effect

Answer 19

Different ways of presenting the same information evoke different responses.

Question 20

Overconfidence error

Answer 20

We have a tendency to be more confident than correct we overestimate the accuracy of our estimates predictions and knowledge.

Question 21

Belief perseverance

Answer 21

Clinging to one’s initial beliefs after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited