Module Two - Water Supplies Flashcards
Principles of a Municipal water System
Public and private water systems provide the method for supplying water to populated areas
Principles of a Municipal water System Contain the following:
Sources of water and storage
Means of moving the water
Water processing or treatment facility
Water distribution system
Direct pumping systems
Uses one or more pumps that takes water from the primary source and discharges it through the filtration and treatment processes
Gravity systems
Uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system
The City of Calgary water supply is made up of
47 pressure zones
- 7 direct pumping systems - 40 Gravity systems
Dead-end hydrant
Hydrant that receives water from only one direction
Circulating feed or looped line
Hydrant receives water from two or more directions
City of calgary uses what system
Grid System (primary feeders, secondary feeders, and distributors)
Primary feeders
Large pipes (mains) with relatively widespread spacing that conveys large quantity of water to various points in the system for local distribution to the smaller mains
Secondary feeders
Network of intermediate-sized pipes that reinforce the grid within the various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of the required fire flow at any point
Distributors
Grid arrangements of smaller mains serving individual fire hydrants and blocks of consumers (*image p.185)
Function of water valve
Provide a means for controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping
Indicating valves
Visually shows whether the gate or valve seat is open, closed or partially closed
o Post indicator valve
o Outside screw and yoke valve
Post indicator valve
Type of valve used to control underground water mains found on the supply main of installed fire protection systems
Outside screw and yoke valve
A type of control valve for a sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed
Nonindicating valves
These are the most common type of valves used on most public water distribution systems
If a below-grade valve Is properly installed, the valve can be operated aboveground with a special socket wrench in the end of a reach rod
When engineers design a water distribution system, three basic rates of consumption are considered in their design
That average daily consumption (ADC)
Maximum daily consumption (MDC)
Peak hourly consumption (PHC)
Hydrants primary use:
Fire protection
hydrant distance apart: residential and Industrial
300m apart in residential
150m apart in industrial area
hydrant flows are updated ______ and hydrants are tested
quarterly
twice annually
hydrant Secondary uses:
Water main flushing
Water for construction and film industry
Temporary services
Emergency portable water
Yellow hydrants
self-draining after use, uses a compression valve
Red hydrants
require pumping out after use
Waterfront
- City water map
- Can be used to identify the flow capacity of hydrants
- Allows the FD to quickly decide which and how many hydrants they need to connect to
Read Frequently asked questions in CFD Manual
Read Frequently asked questions in CFD Manual
