Module Two Review Flashcards
Which statement best describes a person in the anatomic position?
Lying on his or her left side
Lying with the face and abdomen downward
Standing erect, facing forward, palms and feet facing forward
Standing erect, facing forward, palms and feet facing backward
Standing erect, facing forward, palms and feet facing forward
A patient was found in the prone position. How was the patient found?
Sitting up
Lying on the stomach
Lying on the back
Standing, facing forward
Lying on the stomach
Where does the sagittal plane run?
Vertically, dividing the body into left and right
Horizontally, dividing the body into three anatomic regions
Horizontally, dividing the body into top and bottom
Vertically, dividing the body into front and back
Vertically, dividing the body into left and right
The coxae (hip bones) are formed by the fusion of what bones?
Pubis and femur
Pubis, sacrum, and coccyx
Ilium, ischium, and coccyx
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
In what part of the body are the tarsal bones located?
Ankle
Foot
Wrist
Hand
Foot
The elbow and hip are examples of what type of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Gomphosis
Synovial
What portion of the abdominal region would the liver be palpated?
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ
RUQ
Which organ is not found within the abdominal cavity?
Kidneys
Small Intestine
Liver
Gall bladder
Kidneys
Which structure is located within the mediastinum?
Heart
Stomach
Lung
Larynx
Heart
What is the serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs?
Pleural lining
Abdominal lining
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
Which organ is a retroperitoneal structure?
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Spleen
Pancreas
What type of contractile tissue is responsible for movement?
Connective
Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
What type of tissue is responsible for conducting electrical signals?
Connective
Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous
Nervous
Which are examples of long bones?
Carpal and tarsal bones
Humerus, radius, and femur
Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones
Vertebrae, coccyx, and mandible
Humerus, radius, and femur
Which are examples of flat bones?
Carpal and tarsal bones
Humerus, radius, and femur
Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones
Vertebrae, coccyx, and mandible
Ribs, scapula, and some skull bones
Which components are parts of the integumentary system?
Heart, blood, and blood vessels
Skin, nails, and oil glands
Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
Skin, nails, and oil glands
A patient has a disease that affects the cerebellum. From what condition would the patient likely suffer?
Poor muscle coordination
Loss of vision
Shallow respiration
Temperature regulation
Poor muscle coordination
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?
5
6
7
9
7
What are the three formed elements that comprise blood?
Plasma, lymph, and erythrocytes
Lymph, erythrocytes, and leukocytes
Leukocytes, plasma, and platelets
Platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes
Platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes
Which blood component transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues?
Plasma
Platelets
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes
Which blood component serves a defensive function by engulfing infectious organisms and producing antibodies?
Plasma
Platelets
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
What terms represent the atrioventricular valves of the heart?
Mitral and aortic
Aortic and pulmonic
Mitral and tricuspid
Tricuspid and pulmonic
Mitral and tricuspid
A small blood clot enters the right ventricle. Where will it travel next?
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Which vessel(s) carry blood from the body to the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cavae
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Right coronary artery
Superior and inferior vena cavae
What is the sac that covers the outside of the heart?
Epicardium
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
Pericardium
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
15
10
8
12
12
What structures comprise the lower airway?
Hard palate, bronchi, and alveoli
Mouth, nose, larynx, and trachea
Esophagus, trachea, and bronchioles
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
What is the area where the trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi?
Pleura
Carina
Xiphoid process
Sternal angle
Carina
What is the smooth, moist epithelial layer covering the lungs called?
Visceral pleura
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal pleura
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral pleura
Where is bile produced?
Gallbladder and stored in the liver
Pancreas and stored in the gallbladder
Liver and stored in the gallbladder
Stomach and stored in the pancreas
Liver and stored in the gallbladder
What are the whites of the eyes called?
Retina
Vascular tunic
Conjunctiva
Sclera
Sclera
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
4
8
5
12
5
Which term describes the relative constancy in the internal body environment?
A. Homeostasis
B. Hemostasis
C. Hermonstasis
D. Hematostasis
Homeostasis
By what mechanism does glucose enter a cell?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Mediated transport
D. Miosis
C. Mediated
The sphincter at the arterial end of a capillary is known as the _____ sphincter.
A. Precapillary
B. Midcapillary
C. Postcapillary
D. Endocapillary
Precapillary
What is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid?
A. Potassium
B. Chloride
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Sodium
Where are baroreceptors located?
A. Heart and great vessels
B. Kidneys and liver
C. Spleen and liver
D. Heart and kidneys
A. Heart and great vessels
What type of molecule is sodium? A. Anion B. Cation C. Proion D. Negion
B. Cation
Cardiac output is the volume of blood _____.
A. Pumped by the ventricles per minute
B. Ejected with each heartbeat
C. Circulating throughout the body
D. Pushed through the coronary arteries
A. Pumped by the ventricles per minute
Which definition correctly describes preload?
A. Venous return available to the right ventricle
B. Blood already in the arteries before each contraction
C. Blood that remains in the atria after they contract
D. Venous blood that remains in the veins
A. Venous return available to the right ventricle
What is a solute? A. Water B. Substance dissolved in a solution C. Diluent D. Blood product
Substance dissolved in a solution
What will occur when a living cell is placed into a hypertonic solution?
A. Draw water into the cell and expand
B. Lose water from the cell and shrink
C. Explode from increased intracellular pressure
D. Lose the permeability of the membrane
. Lose water from the cell and shrink
Which term describes the flow of fluid across a semipermeable membrane from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration? A. Diffusion B. Mediation C. Osmosis D. Miosis
C. Osmosis
What are the body’s principal regulators of acid-base balance?
A. Kidneys and liver
B. Lungs and kidneys
C. Pancreas and lungs
D. Liver and pancreas
B. Lungs and kidneys
What does a substance’s pH represent?
A. Concentration of hydrogen ions
B. Ability to neutralize chemicals
C. Number of active molecules
D. Positive charge
A. Concentration of hydrogen ions
What is the driving force of osmosis produced by A. Permeability of the membrane B. Molecular weight of the particles C. Number of particles D. Partial pressure of dissolved gases
Partial pressure of dissolved gases
Hyperventilation produces respiratory alkalosis by decreasing which element? A. Oxygen B. Potassium C. Chloride D. Carbon dioxide
D. Carbon dioxide
A paramedic is treating a patient for a traumatic brain injury causing cerebral edema. If the paramedic wanted to administer an IV fluid to treat the cerebral edema, he or she would choose what kind of solution?
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Isotonic
D. Neurotonic
A. Hypertonic
Which blood type is referred to as the universal recipient? A. A B. B C. AB D. O
C. AB
What is edema?
A. Caused by excess fluids
B. A problem of fluid distribution
C. Caused by water leaving the interstitial spaces
D. A problem caused by excessive fluid administration
B. A problem of fluid distribution
What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Hypoxia
B. Chemical
C. Infectious
D. Inflammatory
A. Hypoxia
Paramedics are called to a local mall, where a 16-year-old boy involved his father's car in a low speed car crash in the parking lot, resulting in minor damage to the fender. No injuries are apparent on examination. The boy's heart rate is 90, blood pressure 130/80, respiratory rate 40. The patient states that his fingers and toes are tingling and feel numb and that he is having heart palpitations. Which excessive element is likely causing the patient's symptoms in the minor car crash scenario? A. Carbon dioxide B. Carbon dioxide elimination C. Hydrogen ions D. Hydrogen ion elimination
B. Carbon dioxide elimination
Which term is defined by inadequate circulation of blood and nutrients to the tissues? A. Necrosis B. Phagocytosis C. Autolysis D. Hypoperfusion
D. Hypoperfusion
Which is true of viruses?
A. Viruses are responsible for relatively few diseases in humans.
B. Viruses can reproduce only by infecting living cells.
C. Viruses function in a manner similar to that of bacteria.
D. Viruses have a high metabolism, making them easy to kill.
B. Viruses can reproduce only by infecting living cells.
Which type of shock results from severe allergic reaction?
A. Anaphylactic shock
B. Neurogenic shock
C. Cardiogenic shock
D. Septic shock
A. Anaphylactic shock
What does the mnemonic MODS indicate? A. Modified organ disability syndrome B. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome C. Multiple organ dehydrative shock D. Modified organ disseminated shock
B. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
What is the body’s first line of defense against invading organisms?
A. Skin and mucous membranes
B. Inflammatory response
C. Immune response
D. Pathogenic response
A. Skin and mucous membranes
Allergy refers to an exaggerated immune response to environmental _____.
A. Allergens
B. Self-antigens
C. Immunoglobulins
D. Antibodies
A. Allergens
What is an infant younger than 28 days of age called?
A. Newborn
B. Neonate
C. Infant
D. Toddler
B. Neonate
If a newborn loses 10% of his or her body weight in the first 2 days of life, what should that be considered?
A. A normal weight loss after birth
B. Lost much less weight than expected
C. Has lost more weight than expected
D. Is dangerously dehydrated.
A. A normal weight loss after birth
Which statement best describes the ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, and foramen ovale?
A. Open until the child reaches puberty
B. Structures unique to fetal circulation
C. Structures that are formed after the first months of life
D. Necessary for normal circulation during the first 3 months of life
B. Structures unique to fetal circulation
What is a normal reaction to a finger gently stroking the sole of a newborn’s foot?
A. Toes spread outward and upward.
B. Toes curl in.
C. Foot is withdrawn.
D. Ankle twists laterally.
A. Toes spread outward and upward.
When assessing the head of a 6-month-old infant, a paramedic feels a soft depression on the skull near the front of the head. What does this indicate?
A. A possible skull fracture
B. Dehydration
C. A delayed closing of the fontanelle
D. A normal finding for a 6-month-old
D. A normal finding for a 6-month-old
You are interviewing the mother of a 12-year-old boy who has been injured in a bike crash. She tells you that she lets her son ride his bike wherever he likes and doesn’t force him to wear his helmet if he doesn’t want to.
What type of parenting style was used?
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Egocentric
Permissive
Which statement best represents a newborn’s immune system?
A. The result of maternal antibodies
B. Not functional until the baby reaches 2 years of age
C. Provided through active immunity from birth
D. Obtained through immunizations that the newborn receives at birth
A. The result of maternal antibodies
Between what ages does the onset of puberty for boys typically occur?
A. 8 and 13
B. 10 and 12
C. 13 and 15
D. 14 and 16
C. 13 and 15
During adolescence, what is a characteristic of their vital signs?
You Answered
A. Fluctuate dramatically as the child grows
B. Are similar to the vital signs in school-age children
C. Vary with the height of the child
D. Approximate the vital signs of adults
D. Approximate the vital signs of adults
You are interviewing the mother of a 12-year-old boy who has been injured in a bike crash. She tells you that she lets her son ride his bike wherever he likes and doesn’t force him to wear his helmet if he doesn’t want to.
Which traits are to be expected in a child with the parenting style described in the previous scenario?
Low motivation
Responsible
Assertive
Self-centered
Self-centered
When do children begin to develop a self-concept and self-esteem?
A. Infancy
B. Toddler years
C. School-age years
D. Adolescence
School age years
What are preschool children who watch violent TV programs prone to do?
A. Avoid violence
B. Model the behavior
C. Be submissive to other children
D. Expect violent behaviors in those around them
Model the behavior
When does a person physically peak?
A. School years
B. Adolescence
C. Early adulthood
D. Middle adulthood
C. Early adulthood
A paramedic is treating a patient who has a flail chest secondary to an assault. The patient has been breathing shallow because of the extreme pain of the injury.
Which acid-base derangement will likely occur because of this injury?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
When do the effects of aging such as vision and hearing loss begin to become apparent?
A. Adolescence
B. Early adulthood
C. Middle adulthood
D. Late adulthood
Middle adulthood
What is the leading cause of death in the United States for people during early adulthood?
Correct Answer
A. Unintentional injury
B. Infectious disease
C. Cardiovascular disease
D. Cancer
A. Unintentional injury
When do people typically begin to feel pressure to accomplish lifelong goals? A. Adolescence B. Early adulthood C. Middle adulthood D. Late adulthood
C. Middle adulthood
