Module One Review Flashcards
A network of services coordinated to provide aid and medical assistance from a primary response to definitive care is referred to as which area?
Health maintenance organization
Advanced life support
Medical transportation system
EMS System
EMS System
Which responsibility would be considered a primary responsibility of the paramedic?
Support of primary care
Advocating citizen involvement
Professional development
Documentation
Documentation
Which is an attribute of an EMS system identified by the Emergency Medical Services Agenda for the Future?
Nationally standardized treatment protocols
Capitated finance structures
Provision of advanced life support
Prevention activities
Prevention activities
National standard curricula for EMS providers are established by which agency?
Department of Health and Human Services
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Which aspect of professionalism is provided by belonging to national EMS groups?
Development of national standard curricula
You Answered
Continuous Quality
Improvement (CQI) for EMS providers
A unified voice for EMS providers
Collective bargaining
A unified voice for EMS providers
A paramedic makes special efforts to keep family members apprised of progress during a cardiac arrest. This demonstrates which of the following characteristics?
Careful delivery of service
Self-motivation
Respect
Empathy
Empathy
Which aspect contributes to the existence of a profession?
Specialized body of knowledge
High salary expectations for members of the profession
Membership in an organization promoting the profession
Four-year degree from a college or university
Specialized body of knowledge
Which most accurately describes the term professionalism?
Uniform standards of appearance
Public trust in the individual
Charge for services rendered
Adherence to standards of conduct
Adherence to standards of conduct
The practice of physician participation in education, equipment selection, and development of protocols for EMS systems is best described by which term?
Physician extension
Correct!
Medical direction
Medical conscience
Administrative interface
Medical direction
Which treatment protocol for an EMS system requires consultation with a physician at the base hospital before the administration of certain medications?
Standing orders
Retrospective off-line medical direction
Online medical direction
On-scene medical direction
Online medical direction
What are two main components of wellness and physical well-being?
Physical fitness and adequate nutrition
Prevention of disease and taking vitamins
Adequate nutrition and minimal exercise
Mental and emotional health
Mental and emotional health
A paramedic beginning a new exercise program should aim to keep his or her heart rate in the target zone for _____ minutes to increase cardiovascular endurance.
80
60
40
20
20
How can most infectious diseases be avoided?
Cooking foods thoroughly to kill bacteria
Drinking water that has been boiled for at least 10 minutes
Asking patients to wear a mask
Handwashing and following universal precautions
Handwashing and following universal precautions
When lifting and moving patients, what action should be implemented to help prevent injury?
Bend at the waist, not at the knees.
Keep the load close to the body.
Take long steps if walking.
Move backward rather than forward when possible.
Keep the load close to the body.
What term is best described as an apprehensive uneasiness or painful dread about an impending event?
Anxiety
Stress
Depression
Guilt
Anxiety
What is the purpose of critical-incident stress management?
Allows emergency workers opportunities to vent their feelings
Gives medical direction the opportunity to provide a learning example, based on an emergency response
Looks objectively at an emergency response and finds what went wrong
Determines the fault for the unsuccessful outcome of an emergency response
Allows emergency workers opportunities to vent their feelings
An 80-year-old woman has just died in her home. Her anxious family members ask you how she is doing. What is the most appropriate response?
“She is gone.”
“She has died.”
“She has passed on.”
“She is no longer with us.”
“She has died.”
Which of the following statements about unintentional injuries in the United States is true?
Unintentional injuries rarely result in death.
Unintentional injuries result in more potential life lost than any other cause.
The economic effect of unintentional injuries is about $1 million per year.
About 5% of all hospital emergency department visits are related to unintentional injuries.
Unintentional injuries result in more potential life lost than any other cause.
If a person does not speed while driving so as to avoid an expensive traffic ticket, the driver is responding to which of the three Es of injury prevention?
Enhancement
Education
Enforcement
Engineering
Enforcement
A person escaping injury during a vehicle crash because the air bags deployed has benefited from which of the three Es of injury prevention?
Enhancement
Engineering
Enforcement
Education
Engineering
A paramedic who places the needs of the patient before his or her self-interest is displaying:
Empathy
Self-confidence
Patient advocacy
Integrity
Patient advocacy
What is the purpose of a patient care report?
Helps supervisors keep track of crews
Documents who called for the response
States what dispatcher dispatched the crews
Provides a legal record of the incident
Provides a legal record of the incident
Where should a clear and concise chronological description of a call be documented on the prehospital care report?
On a supplemental report form
Heading boxes
Narrative portion
Under the mechanism of injury or event
Narrative portion
How should paramedics handle statements or remarks made by patients or bystanders that might be pertinent to medical care?
Document as factual statements.
Report to police at the scene.
Document as quotes.
Report to the receiving medical facility without prehospital care report documentation.
Document as quotes.
How can errors involving the use of abbreviations be prevented when charting?
Using abbreviations only when documenting a patient’s statement
Never using abbreviations
Placing all abbreviations in quotes
Avoiding abbreviations that are not universally accepted
Avoiding abbreviations that are not universally accepted
Which term best describes assessment findings, such as the absence of diminished breath sounds, and warrants no medical care or intervention but shows evidence of a thorough examination?
Essential findings
Relevant positives
Pertinent negatives
Assessment norms
Pertinent negatives
You arrive on scene of a motor vehicle collision. After size-up and assessment you determine that there are no patient complaints and no one will be transported. However, you notice that there is a child seat in the rear of the vehicle that is not properly secured. Assuming you know the proper way to install a car seat, you decide to assist the parents with installing the seat the proper way. This would be an example of ______.
a teachable moment.
on-scene instruction.
arrogance.
being inappropriate.
a teachable moment.
How should a paramedic document a patient who refuses EMS treatment or transport?
There is no need to document the EMS response.
Documentation is required only if you feel the patient refused care inappropriately.
Carefully document the events, assessments, and recommendations to patients.
Contact medical direction to have them document the events.
Carefully document the events, assessments, and recommendations to patients.
The five phases of the grieving process are:
denial, anger, bargaining, deferring, and projection.
sadness, madness, happiness, stuffiness, and angerness.
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
duty, law, libel, slander, and negligence.
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
How should the paramedic correct an incorrect entry on a prehospital care report?
Erase the entry, and write the new entry in its place.
Immediately contact your supervisor and ask them to change it.
Mark through the entry with a black permanent marker, and write the new entry nearby.
Draw a single horizontal line through the entry so that it remains legible, and date and initial it.
Draw a single horizontal line through the entry so that it remains legible, and date and initial it.
Paramedics who successfully pass the written and skill exams upon completion of an accredited program may be granted permission to practice skills by a series of processes. Which process is conferring the right to engage in the pre hospital profession?
Certification
Credentialing
Licensure
Registration
Licensure
One goal of the EMS system is to evaluate and improve the quality of care provided. What is one form of modified quality assurance?
Critical Incident Stress Management
On-line Medical Direction
Off-line Medical Direction
Continuous Quality Improvement
Continuous Quality Improvement
The level of care that a paramedic might provide a patient, including advanced airway management, defibrillation, IV therapy, and medication administration, is called _______.
basic medical care
basic life support (BLS)
advanced medical care
advanced life support (ALS)
advanced life support (ALS)
A neat and professional appearance and being well groomed and clean are important and:
Very subjective qualities of a pre-hospital provider.
You Answered
An indication of your competency and skills
Correct Answer
Help to instill confidence in the patient and his family
Show diplomacy to the patient and his family
Help to instill confidence in the patient and his family
TRUE OR FALSE: Our bodies react to all stressful situations in a similar fashion. In most cases, the difference between ‘bad’ stress and ‘good’ stress is all mental.
True
A neat and professional appearance and being well groomed and clean are important and:
Very subjective qualities of a pre-hospital provider.
An indication of your competency and skills
Help to instill confidence in the patient and his family
Show diplomacy to the patient and his family
Help to instill confidence in the patient and his family
After a call, you document your findings in your narrative of your PCR. You state "The patient has an open wound to the LUQ of the abdomen." This would be an example of \_\_\_\_\_. a pertinent negative. possible slander. Correct! objective information. subjective information.
objective information
Off-line medical control primarily relies on:
ACLS algorithms
Advanced directives
Judgment
Protocols
Protocols
After a call, you document your findings in your narrative of your PCR. You state “The patient has an open wound to the LUQ of the abdomen.” This would be an example of _____.
a pertinent negative.
possible slander.
objective information.
subjective information.
objective information
After a call, you document your findings in your narrative of your PCR. You state “The patient appears extremely upset.” This would be an example of _____.
possible libel.
pertinent negative.
subjective information.
objective information.
subjective information
Three factors are necessary to cause an injury. They are:
agent, host, and environment.
risk, reward, and decisions.
primary, secondary, and tertiary.
ignition, heat, and fuel.
agent, host, and environment.
Which technique aids EMS providers in efficient communications?
Using radio codes to shorten communication time
Correct!
Using clear English when communicating
Avoiding radio reports and waiting to give report when transferring care at hospital
Using semantic jargon that will be understood only by EMS personnel from their own service
Using clear English when communicating
By practicing body substance isolation (BSI) with all patients, you are practicing _________.
safety first.
universal precautions.
advanced life support.
personal protective equipment.
universal precautions.
Which technique aids EMS providers in efficient communications?
Using radio codes to shorten communication time
Using clear English when communicating
Avoiding radio reports and waiting to give report when transferring care at hospital
Using semantic jargon that will be understood only by EMS personnel from their own service
Using clear English when communicating
How does the sender transmit ideas, organizing meaning through a medium?
Derivation
Syntax
Encoding
Assignment
Encoding
Which technique enhances radio communications?
Hold the microphone at least 5 inches away from your mouth.
Use local dialect or slang to ensure understanding.
Deliver a long, detailed message to present a clear picture of the patient’s condition.
Confirm that the receiving party has received the message.
Confirm that the receiving party has received the message.
The SOAP acronym is used for which aspect of patient care?
Organizing written and verbal reports
Assessing the patient’s medical complaint
Gathering patient history
Assessing the patient’s trauma complaint
Organizing written and verbal reports
Which device retransmits a signal at a higher power on another frequency to increase coverage?
Encoder
Base station
Transmitter
Repeater
Repeater
The radio communications system that uses two frequencies and enables both parties to communicate simultaneously is referred to as a _____ system.
Multiplex
Simplex
Duplex
Truncated
Duplex
What advantage does a simplex system have?
Each speaker can transmit his or her message without interruption.
You Answered
Messages are digitally encoded automatically, providing greater privacy.
Both parties can engage in a discussion of the patient, interrupting for clarification as needed.
Telemetry can be transmitted as well as verbal messages.
Each speaker can transmit his or her message without interruption.
Which is a role of an emergency medical dispatcher?
Provide pre-arrival instructions to the caller
Decide to which hospital the patient should be transferred
Relay instructions from command physicians
Provide on-scene medical direction to EMS
Provide pre-arrival instructions to the caller
What governmental agency is responsible for regulating communications as well as for establishing and enforcing communications rules and guidelines?
Federal Communications Regulatory Agency
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Information and Technologies System
United States Department of Interior
Federal Communications Commission
What law/act protects a person rendering aid to a crash victim in good faith and without expectation of compensation?
Duty to Respond act
Protection for Suit law
Good Samaritan law
First Responder act
Good Samaritan law
What is the testimony that is taken under oath outside of a courtroom called?
Complaint
Deposition
Transcript
Summons
Deposition
Who does the paramedic have legal responsibilities to?
The patient, the employer, the medical director, and the public
The patient and the employer
The patient, the employer, and the medical director
The patient, the medical director, and the public
The patient, the employer, the medical director, and the public
If a paramedic is sued by a patient for failing to treat him with the appropriate respect and concern for his welfare, what law has the paramedic violated?
Criminal law
Legislative law
Common law
Civil law
Civil law
What law or regulation defines what a paramedic legally can do to treat a patient?
Scope of practice
Legal response
Protocols
Treatment plans
Scope of practice
A paramedic is called to treat a local politician’s child for a broken arm. The paramedic suspects that the injury was caused by abuse. Reporters are on the scene at the hospital and request an interview with the paramedic. In a written release to the media, the paramedic states that the politician is a child abuser. For what could the paramedic be sued?
Malicious character statements
Libel
Release without consent
Privacy corruption
Libel
What term best describes the conduct that is expected of an individual in a given situation and is measured against one’s conduct of a similarly trained individual?
The standard of care
Medical malpractice
Medical liability
Legislative law
The standard of care
Which provision is part of the Ryan White Act?
Emergency workers must be informed when they have been exposed to an infectious disease.
Emergency workers have mandatory reporting requirements when interacting with patients with suspected infectious diseases.
Employers must designate an officer to care for emergency workers exposed to infectious diseases.
Employers must cover the expenses of long-term medical treatment for emergency workers exposed to infectious diseases.
Emergency workers must be informed when they have been exposed to an infectious disease.
Upon arrival at the hospital, you find the emergency department overflowing with patients. You can find no physician or nurse available to listen to your patient report. You ask an emergency department registration clerk to sign your prehospital care report, and you return to service. What infraction has the paramedic accomplished?
Abandonment
Refusal of prehospital care
Gross negligence
Proximate cause
Abandonment
How do paramedics comply with HIPAA regulations?
Follow the scope of practice outlined by the state legislature.
Transport patients to the receiving facility of their choice.
Correct!
Protect the privacy of a patient’s protected health information.
Maintain their skills and knowledge through continuing education.
Protect the privacy of a patient’s protected health information.
The failure to do what action best describes negligence?
Treat the patient with respect.
Improve the patient’s condition.
Administer the appropriate medication to the patient.
Act as a reasonable prudent paramedic would act in similar circumstances.
Act as a reasonable prudent paramedic would act in similar circumstances.
How do paramedics comply with HIPAA regulations?
Follow the scope of practice outlined by the state legislature.
Transport patients to the receiving facility of their choice.
Protect the privacy of a patient’s protected health information.
Maintain their skills and knowledge through continuing education.
Protect the privacy of a patient’s protected health information.
What is verbal or written consent to a treatment called?
Expressed
Implied
Informed
Defined
Expressed
Ensuring that a patient understands the risks and dangers of a treatment is necessary for the patient to give what form of consent?
Expressed
Implied
Informed
Defined
Informed
A paramedic renders emergency care to a patient with head trauma who is confused and responding inappropriately. What form of consent was obtained?
Minors
Implied
Expressed
Informed
Implied
What term best describes physical contact with a patient without his or her consent?
Assault
Battery
False Imprisonment
Denied consent
Battery
A married 16-year-old who is supporting herself is refusing care following an injury. She is alert and oriented and in no apparent distress. How should the paramedic handle this situation?
Contact her parents to obtain consent; she is not capable of making this decision.
Honor her decision after explaining the risks of refusing treatment.
Transport her against her will; she is a minor.
Contact police to assist in transporting the patient against her will.
Honor her decision after explaining the risks of refusing treatment.
What term describes intentional and unjustifiable detention of a person?
Battery
Assault
False Imprisonment
Denied consent
False Imprisonment
When dealing with motor vehicle operation of the life support vehicle, what does the right-of-way privileges generally allow a paramedic to do?
Proceed through intersections without stopping
Exceed the speed limit by 25 miles per hour
Park in unauthorized areas
Travel the wrong way on one-way streets
Park in unauthorized areas
A paramedic responds to a cardiac arrest. The patient has a valid DNR order, but family members request resuscitation. How should the paramedic handle this situation?
Provide CPR and contact medical direction.
Give other resuscitative measures but withhold CPR.
Provide CPR only but do not provide advanced care.
Withhold CPR and honor the DNR.
Provide CPR and contact medical direction.
A terminal cancer patient has a signed valid DNR. The patient’s family requests transport to the hospital and comfort measures such as IV fluid administration and pain medication. How should the paramedic handle this situation?
Provide BLS care only.
Provide no care but transport the patient; the DNR takes precedence.
Provide appropriate care; DNR orders do not interfere with nonresuscitative care.
Provide no care, and do not transport the patient; the DNR takes precedence.
Provide appropriate care; DNR orders do not interfere with nonresuscitative care.
What role should EMS providers play in organ donation?
Stop resuscitative efforts for identified organ donors.
Do not provide medications to potential organ donors.
Talk to next of kin about a patient’s intent to donate organs.
EMS providers play no role in organ donation.
Talk to next of kin about a patient’s intent to donate organs.
What is the priority when responding to a crime scene?
Patient care
Preservation of evidence
Cooperation with the needs of police
Personal safety
Personal safety
Which standard is defined by honorable behavior that has been designed by a group and with which conformity is expected?
Ethics
Systematic appraisal
Obligation
Duty to act
Ethics
Moral accountability refers to what?
Legal ethics
Community ethics
Professional ethics
Personal ethics
Personal ethics
What is the impartiality test in ethical decision making designed to correct?
Unjustifiable actions
Personal bias
Lack of knowledge
Faulty reasoning
Personal bias
Which document provides guidance for a paramedic whose personal beliefs and commitments differ markedly from a patient’s?
Paramedic National Standard Curriculum
EMS Agenda for the Future
EMT Code of Ethics
Code of Tolerance
EMT Code of Ethics
When considering the best decision to make in an ethical decision making scenario, you ask yourself, “Would I feel comfortable having this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances?” Which ethical test is the paramedic applying?
Moral code
Impartiality
Interpersonal justifiability
Universalizability
Universalizability
What is the fundamental question for ethical tests in health care?
“What can be justified?”
“What is the legally acceptable treatment?”
“What does the patient want?”
“What is in the patient’s best interest?”
“What is in the patient’s best interest?”
Which is an example of promoting patient access to reliable health care, promoting equality in health care systems, and informing patients of health care reform initiatives?
Delegate
Designate
Advocate
Surrogate
Advocate
What is a significant purpose of EMS research?
To promote the use of unproven methods in the field
Creates a means for an EMS professional to make more money
Helps promote abstract methods of patient care
Learn of intended effects and cost-effectiveness of EMS interventions
Learn of intended effects and cost-effectiveness of EMS interventions
What is a research design considered in which the research is conducted after the data already exist?
Prospective
Experimental
Cross sectional
Retrospective
Retrospective
What is a research design known as in which the hypothesis and data collection are defined before beginning the study?
Differential
Observational
Prospective
Descriptive
Prospective
Which defines the Hippocratic Oath?
Negligent activities
The rights of the patient
Kidnapping
The rights of the employer
The rights of the patient
Which is true of ethics and the legal system?
Any legal decision you make is also ethical.
Ethics is synonymous with the law.
Ethics should take precedence when the law and ethics conflict.
Ethical and legal issues are often entwined.
Ethical and legal issues are often entwined.
What role should the public be included for resolving ethical conflicts?
Providing research and treatment protocols
Establishing standards of care
Making retrospective reviews of decisions
Creating laws
Creating laws
The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community through the use of preventive medicine is known as:
Primary prevention
Public health
Injury risk
Epidemiology
Public health
What is required from EMS providers at every level for any prevention program to succeed?
They must understand the need for involvement in prevention activities.
They must participate in all continuing education activities offered in their system.
They must know all the different types of on-scene survival techniques.
They must instruct others in the fundamentals of primary prevention.
They must understand the need for involvement in prevention activities.
Which of the following is an example of how EMS providers can be involved in community injury prevention?
Being an advocate to attain the latest technology and equipment
Participating in a high school drunk driving crash scenario
Performing CPR on an elderly patient in cardiac arrest
Transporting an unconscious trauma patient to a level 1 center
Participating in a high school drunk driving crash scenario
_____________occurs shortly after an injury and is when a patient may be more receptive to learning about how a similar injury can be prevented in the future.
Teachable moment
Injury surveillance
Field investigation
Analytic study
Teachable moment
How has public health improved both the quality of life and the life span of humankind?
Through research
All of the above
Through surveillance
Through epidemiology
All of the above
A specific question that a research study sets out to answer is called the:
Odds ratio
Experiment
Hypothesis
Metaanalysis
Hypothesis
Whether or how well a study supports the conclusions is referred to as:
Variance
Validity
Bias
Ordinal data
Validity
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
Quantitative research does not use a control group; qualitative research does use a control group.
Quantitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; qualitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data.
Qualitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; quantitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data.
Quantitative research uses a control group; qualitative research does not use a control group.
Quantitative research is designed to determine the relationship between one thing and another and describe it with numbers; qualitative research primarily relies on collection of nonnumeric data.
This section of a research paper describes exactly how the authors conducted the study, including what population they wished to study, how subjects were selected (and excluded), and what intervention was performed:
Introduction
Results
Methods
Discussion
Methods
_____________ describes phenomena in numbers.
Prospective research
Qualitative research
Mixed research
Quantitative research
Quantitative research
