Module Six: Early Childhood Flashcards
permissive parenting
warm and loving but does not enforce limits/tries to be child’s friend
authoritative parenting
strict and harsh; minimal emotional warmth/respect
uninvolved/neglectful parenting
cold/distant; uninterested in child
height growth
about 3 inches every year in early childhood
weight growth
4 - 5 pounds gained every year in early childhood
brain development in early childhood
- cognitive capabilities improve
- prefrontal cortex development
prefrontal cortex development
- increased attention
- self regulation
- understanding of games
- left hemisphere (language) and right hemisphere (spatial thinking) development
sexual development in early childhood
- self-exploration used for tension release and sensory reasons
enuresis
daytime wetting or bedwetting
encopresis
repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places
nutrition in early childhood
USDA meal pattern recommendations
obesity in early childhood
- categorized as children over 20% of their ideal weight
- risk of bullying, diabetes, etc.
self-concept in early childhood
- self -description according to external and internal qualities
i.e. “i love cats and dogs. i hate
thunderstorms.”
self-esteem in early childhood
- evaluative judgment about who we are
i.e. “i’m a good boy”
piaget’s thoughts on intelligence
- intelligence allows children to adapt to environment
- children wish to achieve equilibrium between their mind and the environment.
- children are constructivists
piaget and play
- believed play helped early childhood schemas
conservation errors
know that rearranging things do not change the quantity
i.e. same amount of water in wide vs skinny glass is still same amount of water
classification errors
difficulty understanding that an object can be classified in more
than one way
i.e. more brown cookies or more (just) cookies
animism errors
attributing lifelike qualities to objects is referred to as animism
i.e. the chair that fell on me is “mean”
freud and play
- sees play asa way people release pent up emotions
divided attention
ability to switch focus between things
selective attention
ability to focus on something while ignoring distractions
sustained attention
ability to stay on task for long periods of time
implicit memory
involves procedures for completing actions practiced over time
i.e. playing a sport naturally after learning rules and skills of the sport
explicit memory
involves memory of facts, concepts, and events that require conscious recall of the information
early childhood memories
at 2 - 4 years old, memories of the past become more complex
dual representation
ability that demonstrated that three year-olds could find hidden objects after being shown scale model of room.
vygotsky on self talk
inner speech to
clarify thoughts
piaget on self talk
child is egocentric and does not see perspectives of others yet
executive function
self-regulation/cognitive flexibility that helps children to adapt to new situations and reach goals
ADHD in early childhood
- children with impairments in prefrontal cortex
- creates delays in self-regulation and attention
gender constancy
the knowledge that gender does not change in early childhood
egocentricism
the tendency of children to think that everyone sees things in the same way as them in early childhood
theory of mind
understanding perspective of others, hard in early childhood because of egocentricism
