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ap euro > module one > Flashcards

module one Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

what were the parts of humanism

A 
spic
secularism
power
individualism
classics
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2
Q

who was affected by the renaissance culture

A

5% of the population
artists
scholars
nobles

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3
Q

serfdom

A

equivalent to feudalism

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4
Q

marriage

A
  • families needed to give permission to men to marry at 30
  • married for economic benefit
  • women married in her teens
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5
Q

lorenzo da medici

A

florence

  • lorenzo the magnificent
  • wealthy bankers
  • commisioned michelangelo
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6
Q

Johannes guttenburg

A
  • came up of the steel letters
  • part of the invention of the printing press
  • used relief carving (de Vinci, Michelangelo, donatello)
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7
Q

china

A
  • most inventions made the inventions
  • they didn’t utilize the technology that they created
  • inventions defused to Europe
  • they were poor
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8
Q

printing press

A
  • printed 12 copies of the guttenburg bible

- 1454-1456

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9
Q

literacy

A
  • informed citizens

- secret politics of the mind (make opinions before talking to people)

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10
Q

jan van eyck

A
  • used oil paints

- had multiple thin layers to make textures

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11
Q

albrekt durer

A
  • sculpture
  • german
  • relieve carving
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12
Q

Michelangelo

A
  • commissioned by pope julius the second
  • painted the sistine chapel
  • david
  • contrapasta stance
  • 15 to 16 centuries
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13
Q

david

A
  • first was carved in bronze by Donatello (nutella- brown=brown)
  • then carved by Michelangelo
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14
Q

fillipo brunelleschi

A
  • architect
  • created a dome in florence
  • known for use of linear perspective
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15
Q

main concepts of renaissance architecture

A
  • balance
  • symmetry
  • domes
  • columns
  • proportions
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16
Q

main concepts of renaissance art (cpr, dbc)

A
  • classical themes (biblical, roman, greek)
  • color
  • realism
  • depth
  • balance
  • perspective
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17
Q

john wycliff

A
  • opposed papal authority

- john hus was one of his first followers

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18
Q

hansiatic league (HANSA)

A
  • have a monopoly over the baltic maritime trade

- trade agreement with northern european countries (germany to estonia)

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19
Q

northern vs italian

A
  • italians (art focused on the human form) (more secular) (individualism- individual should advance themselves in society as much as they could)
  • northern (art was more religious) (each individual should better themselves to help the society)
  • both had emphasis on the classics
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20
Q

jacob burkhardt

A
  • coined the term renaissance
  • historian
  • “rebirth”
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21
Q

ferdinand & isabela (catholic monarchs)

A
  • new monarchs of spain
  • married to united argon & castle (1469)
  • spain was till not unified
  • religion finally unified spain (christianity)
  • converted jews & muslims to catholics
  • spain’s economy went down the drain
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22
Q

peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)

A

peace of lodi (april 9, 1454)

  • peace agreement between naples, florence, milan
  • rise of diplomacy (forced the italian city states to communication) (talk without fighting)
  • insured the peace among city states
  • set the stage for no wars during the high renaissance
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23
Q

5 italian powers

A
  • venice
  • florence
  • milan
  • naples
  • papal states
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24
Q

florence

A
  • inland
  • enormous wealth
  • merchants & banker
  • profits from banking were put straight to the urban industry (growing cities & commissioning art)
  • leader in renaissance art (because of the wealth)
  • birth place of the renaissance
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25
Q

byzantine empire

A
  • after the fall of the roman empire (1,000 years)
  • constanpanople
  • eastern part of the romain empire stayed strong (byzantine)
  • ottoman turks in 1453
  • byzantine empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, & military force in most of its existence
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26
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A
  • father of humanism
  • added latin words
  • wrote poetry to laura
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27
Q

holy romain empire

A

-worked off of greek ideas & spread throughout europe

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28
Q

clergy

A
  • church officials
  • people who work for the church
  • 60% of clergy died because they helped people with the plague
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29
Q

pope julius the second

A
  • the warrior pope

- involved with war & politics

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30
Q

new monarchs

A
  • wanted to centralize power
  • england
    • henry the seventh
  • france
    • charles the seventh
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31
Q

chiaroscuro

A
  • created during the renaissance

- form of shading

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32
Q

hundred years war (1337-1453)

A
  • because of land rights, economic conflicts & disputes over the french throne
  • both government manipulated hate for the other side
  • battle of crecy 1346
  • england raised whool prices 5 million dollars in debt
33
Q

babylonean captivity

A
  • 70 years that biblical hebrews were held in captive in babylon
  • french throne took hebrews to vignon
  • led to the great schism
  • france wanted to control clergy members
34
Q

renaissance started in florence

A
  • italian was rich

- textiles & banking

35
Q

commune

A
  • men seeking complete economic independence from local nobles (breaking free of feudalism
  • italian cities
36
Q

popolo (peasants)

A
  • wanted power over communes
  • used violence
  • got rule by the way that they didn’t want to have people rule (violence)
37
Q

signori

A
  • politival organisation

- one ruler

38
Q

oligarchy

A

-group of rulers

39
Q

plutocracy (better term for oligarchy)

A
  • top 1% wealthy people

- ex) florence medici family

40
Q

the prince

A

-modled after caesar borgia (ruled papal states)

41
Q

italian cities invaded

A
  • they always turned on each other so no big alliances
  • big countries knew the states were very vulnerable
  • idependantly wealthy
42
Q

savon arola

A
  • gave sermons appeal to the ordinary

- praised the power of the church

43
Q

leon battista alberti

A
  • men can do all things if they would
  • we could be more god like or like animals
  • believed women should stay at home
44
Q

pico (like leon)

A
  • wrote on the dignity of man

- thought that men should be prideful

45
Q

lorenza valla

A
  • donation to constatine was false (the church thought was real & gave power to the clergy)
  • ended up weakening papal control
46
Q

who became the leader in the renaissance after italy fell

A

rome

47
Q

massaccio

A
  • father of modern painfting

- use of light & dark

48
Q

artists status rose greatly

A
  • artists knew the importance of their work

- boasted about it

49
Q

leonardo de vinci

A
  • listed as a master of art
  • only 20 at the time
  • one of the smartest of all time
  • engineer
  • maybe homosexual
  • milan
  • military engineer for caesar borgia
  • died in the arms of the king
50
Q

laura ceretta

A

-believed that women don’t live up to their own potential

51
Q

slave trade created opions about black inferiority

A
  • it was easy to trade black people

- africa was very poor at the time

52
Q

quirreles de femmes

A
  • fight about women

- women’s role is bad in society

53
Q

popular view about female rulers

A

-thought that they were inferior to men

54
Q

clock

A
  • stimulated quantification of time
  • change the mindset to do more in the day
  • didnt invent the clock
55
Q

status of women

A
  • domestic chores
  • textile
  • less power than women than in the feudle stage
  • cared for people
  • entertain
  • planned activities for the house hold
56
Q

overall women’s status

A
  • decreased in nobles
  • viewed as objects of art
  • pawn for money & economic advantage
57
Q

office of the night

A

-group of people who wanted to ban the people from being homosexual

58
Q

blackness

A

-symbolized hostile forces of the underground world

59
Q

erasmus (christmas)

A
  • wrote praise of folly (all the bad things of a church shown through a girl)
  • everyone should be able & willing to read the bible
  • themes- education is good
  • core of education is around the bible
  • church was great
  • didnt believe in the clergy
60
Q

luis the 11

A
  • spider king
  • money is the answer
  • timely death of other rulers gave him power
  • severe taxation
61
Q

star chamber

A
  • group of people who replaced parlament
  • middle class
  • reduce power of nobles
  • wrongly accuse nobles
  • torture them
62
Q

reconquista

A

-northern kingdoms to control peninsulas

63
Q

new christian

A
  • old jews & muslims (by blood)

- forced to

64
Q

1450-1650

A

-reconassance, discovery, &expansion

65
Q

jerusalem

A

-christianity
-judiasm
-islam
crusades
-catholic church trying to regain jerusalem
-trying to get religious expansion
-irradentism (reclaiming their homeland)

66
Q

-11-13 centuries

A
  • ottoman turks 1450

- 1453 ottoman turks catured constanople

67
Q

portugal

A

-overlooked but still a huge part of european exploration
-wanted a route to trade spices with india
-prester john (legandary christian king)
thought to rule over europe
legend
-king
henry the navigator
-navigation school
-gold from sudan & gana
-controlled gold imports
-main port was lisbon (capital)
-seized muslim ports with cannons

68
Q

spain-

A

-looked for riches & christianity

69
Q

christopher columbus

A
  • complete ass
  • looking for india
  • brought slaves
70
Q

aztec empire

A

-cortez conquered

71
Q

incas empire

A

-pizzaro conquered

72
Q

magellan

A
  • sailed around the world
  • died before he finished
  • route to find spices
  • found that the earth is round
73
Q

treaty of tordecillas

A

-devided new world between protugal & spain

74
Q

conquisadors

A
  • hired by spain

- conquered the new world

75
Q

encomianda (arrangement)

A
  • land & native americans to worlk for them

- they needed to preach christianity

76
Q

1492

A
  • jews from spain went to netherlands

- netherlands then had a huge economic boost

77
Q

war of the roses

A
  • lancaster vs. yorks
  • lancasters/ tutors won
  • henry tutor renamed himself henry the seventh when he took the throne
78
Q

role of religion in discovery

A
  • religion was the driving force
  • they realized that they could make money
  • (pizzaro & cortez)
  • pizzaro tried to give them the bible

ap euro (4 decks)

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