Module Assessment 2 Flashcards
What are biomedical indices
used to diagnose and prevent disease
assess efficacy of intervention
objective measure
influenced by hydration, disease state, and inflammation
hemodilution vs hemoconcentration
hemodilution is high plasma levels due to too much water in the blood
can be from edema
hemoconcentration is when there are low plasma levels
can be from dehydration
When is a patient given a diuretic and what counteracts it?
When the patient is retaining fluids
sodium and water counteract the medication
Fluid balance is controlled by
kidneys, endocrine system, heart, water, electrolytes (Na), protein (albumin)
Osmotic vs. Oncotic pressure
osmotic pressure is the distribution o fluid between the compartments. Controls how water moves between compartments
oncotic pressure holds plasma from other fluids
Osmotic pressure is the force that draws water toward areas with a higher concentration of
solutes, like salts or sugars, helping balance fluid distribution. Oncotic pressure is a specific
type of osmotic pressure caused by proteins, particularly albumin, in the blood. It helps keep
water inside blood vessels, preventing it from leaking into surrounding tissue
Intracellular fluid
largest fluid
fluid of cells
K+ is found here
Extracellular fluid
Na+ is found here
3 compartments
-Intravascular compartment: fluid of the blood (where albumin has role) blood loss is from here
-interstitial fluid: fluid between cells
holds lymph, edema occurs here
-transcellular fluid: fluid of joints and around organs
Why is edema associated with malnutrition?
When a person is malnourished they are not getting enough protein meaning they will have low albumin. When someone has low albumin there will not be any maintenance of oncotic pressure and fluid from the IVC will seep into the interstitial fluid causing edema
What conditions are associated with disrupted fluid balance?
CHF, renal disease, and cirrhosis
What 2 hormones influence fluid balance in the kidneys
ADH/vasopressin- controls H2O reabsorption
triggered by low IVC volume or dehydration
or osmolality increases
aldosterone- controls Na+ reabsorption
triggered when blood volume is too low (needs more fluid), low concentration
hypervolemia vs hypovolemia vs dehydration
coagulation labs
pt- time for fibrin clot to form
+ptt- partial pathways to coagulation
+inr- provides comparison to international std
patient must be within ration if not they are clotting too little or too much. Then they take the IV of warfarin then go on Coumadin PO
6 characteristics of malnutrition
low PO intake, edema, muscle loss, fat loss, wt loss, hand grip (strength)
What characteristics from interview vs NFPE
interview: wt loss, PO intake
NFPE: hand grip, muscle loss, fat loss, edema
what is used to asses inflammation
c-reactive protein
