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Anatomy - Modules 8-10 > Module 9B - Post Ab > Flashcards

Module 9B - Post Ab Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphragm is a _____ structure that forms ____ of abdominal cavity

A

Musculotendinous

Roof

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2
Q

Three openings of diaphragm and what they allow through

A 
Caval foramen (most anterior, IVC)
Esophageal hiatus (middle, esophagus)
Aortic hiatus (most posterior, aorta)
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3
Q

Central tendon of diaphragm contains what?

A

Caval foramen

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4
Q

Muscular portion of diaphragm consists of which parts?

A

Sternal - attach to xiphoid process
Costal - arises from inferior 6 costal cartilage/ribs
Lumbar - arises from lateral & medial arcuate ligaments and upper lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

Lateral arcuate ligament arches over:

A

Quadratus lumborum

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6
Q

Medial arcuate ligament arches over:

A

Psoas

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7
Q

Right crus of diaphragm

A

Forms esophageal hiatus

Contributes to aortic hiatus

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8
Q

Left crus of diaphragm

A

Contributes to aortic hiatus

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9
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum
Transverse abdominis

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10
Q

Psoas major attachments

A

TPs of lumbar vertebrae + lesser trochanter femur

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11
Q

Psoas major innervation

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-L3

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12
Q

Psoas major actions

A

Flexes thigh, vertebral column, trunk

Balance trunk

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13
Q

Iliacus attachments

A

Iliac fossa/sacral ala + lesser trochanter femur

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14
Q

Iliacus innervation

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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15
Q

Iliacus actions

A

Flexes thigh

Stabilizes hip joint

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16
Q

Quadratus lumborum attachments

A

12th rib/TPs of lumbar vertebrae + iliac crest

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17
Q

Quadratus lumborum innervation

A

Anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

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18
Q

Quadratus lumborum actions

A

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

Fixes 12th rib during inspiration

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19
Q

Transverse abdominis attachments

A

Iliac crest + xiphoid process/linea alba

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20
Q

Transverse abdominis innervation

A

T6-T12, L1

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21
Q

Transverse abdominis actions

A

Compresses abdominal contents

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22
Q

Nerves that are visible along posterior abdominal wall

A 
Subcostal (T12)
Lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
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23
Q

Lumbar plexus consists of:

A 
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator
Genitofemoral
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24
Q

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands description

A

Located superior to each kidney
Surrounded by fatty tissue
“Separated” from kidney via renal fascia

25
Q

Internal features of suprarenal glands

A

Cortex

Medulla

26
Q

Suprarenal cortex

A

Secretes cortisol, aldosterone, androgens

27
Q

Suprarenal medulla

A 
Neural tissue similar to cells of sympathetic NS
Secretes catecholamines (epi, norepi)
28
Q

Kidneys - general features

A

Located retroperitoneal
“In contact” with diaphragm and posterior wall muscles
R kidney is lower than L kidney

29
Q

Right kidney

A

Upper pole located anterior to 12th rib
Located “posterior” to ascending colon and liver
1 finger width above iliac crest

30
Q

Left kidney

A

Upper pole located anterior to 11th and 12th ribs

Located “posterior” to stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon

31
Q

T/F - Kidneys ascend with inspiration

A

FALSE - descend about 1 inch

32
Q

Surrounding layers of kidneys (inner to outer)

A

Renal (true) capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal (false) fascia
Pararenal fat

33
Q

Which layer anchors the kidney?

A

Pararenal fat - collagen fibers pass through to help anchor kidney

34
Q

Renal hilum

A

Indention on medial side of kidney

Entrance for renal pelvis, artery, vein

35
Q

Internal layers of the kidney (inner to outer)

A

Cortex (containing nephrons)

Medulla (renal pyramids)

36
Q

Renal papilla

A

Apex of renal pyramids in the medulla

37
Q

Kidney blood supply for filtration

A 
Renal artery
Segmental
Interlobar
Arcuate
Radiate
Afferent
Glomerular capillaries
Efferent 
Vasa recta
38
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

Contains glomerular capillaries

Blood is filtered here

39
Q

Efferent arteries of kidneys

A

Waste products from these vessels are secreted into tubule for excretion

40
Q

Vasa recta

A

Helps to remove excessive concentration of Na, K, other solutes

41
Q

Collecting duct pathway of kidney

A

Nephrons > collecting tubules > renal papilla > minor calyces > major calyces > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder

42
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Funnel shaped “duct” that is continuous with ureter

43
Q

Nephron consists of:

A

Renal corpuscle - 1st site for filtering blood

*2 types (juxtomedullary and cortical)

44
Q

Juxtomedullary renal corpuscle

A

Located near junction of cortex and medulla

45
Q

Cortical renal corpuscle

A

Located in cortex

46
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A 
Passive reabsorption (osmotic gradient driven)
65% of H2O and Na that were filtered into Bowman's capsule
47
Q

Henle’s loop function

A

Maintain a gradient of osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid of medulla

48
Q

Descending limb of Henle’s loop is permeable to ____ but NOT _____

A

H2O (reabsorbed)
Na (and other solutes)
*Fluid becomes more and more concentrated as it descends

49
Q

Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is permeable to ____ but NOT _____

A

Na (and other solutes)
H2O
*Fluid becomes less and less concentrated as it ascends

50
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Reabsorption of Na and H2O occurs here

51
Q

First 2/3 of distal convoluted tubule:

A

Na is reabsorbed
H2O is NOT permeable in this section so it is NOT reabsorbed
*Urine becomes very diluted

52
Q

Distal 1/3 of distal convoluted tubule:

A

H2O is reabsorbed ONLY if ADH is present
(ADH makes this section and collecting tubule permeable to H2O)
*Urine becomes concentrated again

53
Q

T/F: Secretion of waste products for excretion in the urine may occur in the distal convoluted tubule

A

True

54
Q

Collecting tubule of kidney

A

Multiple nephrons will empty into collecting tubule

55
Q

Collecting tubule descends to the ____ and drains into ____

A

Renal papilla

Minor calyces

56
Q

Ureters description

A

Smooth muscle tube

Descend anterior along psoas and anterior to internal iliac arteries

57
Q

Ureter regions of constriction

A
  1. Junction of renal pelvis and ureter
  2. As ureter passes over pelvic brim
  3. As ureter enters bladder
58
Q

What is the significance of ureter regions of constriction?

A

Potential for kidney stone to be lodged

Anatomy - Modules 8-10 (5 decks)

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