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Anatomy - Modules 8-10 > Module 9B - Post Ab > Flashcards

Module 9B - Post Ab Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphragm is a _____ structure that forms ____ of abdominal cavity

A

Musculotendinous

Roof

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2
Q

Three openings of diaphragm and what they allow through

A 
Caval foramen (most anterior, IVC)
Esophageal hiatus (middle, esophagus)
Aortic hiatus (most posterior, aorta)
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3
Q

Central tendon of diaphragm contains what?

A

Caval foramen

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4
Q

Muscular portion of diaphragm consists of which parts?

A

Sternal - attach to xiphoid process
Costal - arises from inferior 6 costal cartilage/ribs
Lumbar - arises from lateral & medial arcuate ligaments and upper lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

Lateral arcuate ligament arches over:

A

Quadratus lumborum

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6
Q

Medial arcuate ligament arches over:

A

Psoas

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7
Q

Right crus of diaphragm

A

Forms esophageal hiatus

Contributes to aortic hiatus

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8
Q

Left crus of diaphragm

A

Contributes to aortic hiatus

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9
Q

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum
Transverse abdominis

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10
Q

Psoas major attachments

A

TPs of lumbar vertebrae + lesser trochanter femur

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11
Q

Psoas major innervation

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-L3

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12
Q

Psoas major actions

A

Flexes thigh, vertebral column, trunk

Balance trunk

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13
Q

Iliacus attachments

A

Iliac fossa/sacral ala + lesser trochanter femur

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14
Q

Iliacus innervation

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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15
Q

Iliacus actions

A

Flexes thigh

Stabilizes hip joint

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16
Q

Quadratus lumborum attachments

A

12th rib/TPs of lumbar vertebrae + iliac crest

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17
Q

Quadratus lumborum innervation

A

Anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

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18
Q

Quadratus lumborum actions

A

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

Fixes 12th rib during inspiration

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19
Q

Transverse abdominis attachments

A

Iliac crest + xiphoid process/linea alba

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20
Q

Transverse abdominis innervation

A

T6-T12, L1

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21
Q

Transverse abdominis actions

A

Compresses abdominal contents

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22
Q

Nerves that are visible along posterior abdominal wall

A 
Subcostal (T12)
Lumbar plexus (L1-L4)
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23
Q

Lumbar plexus consists of:

A 
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator
Genitofemoral
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24
Q

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands description

A

Located superior to each kidney
Surrounded by fatty tissue
“Separated” from kidney via renal fascia

25
Internal features of suprarenal glands
Cortex | Medulla
26
Suprarenal cortex
Secretes cortisol, aldosterone, androgens
27
Suprarenal medulla
``` Neural tissue similar to cells of sympathetic NS Secretes catecholamines (epi, norepi) ```
28
Kidneys - general features
Located retroperitoneal "In contact" with diaphragm and posterior wall muscles R kidney is lower than L kidney
29
Right kidney
Upper pole located anterior to 12th rib Located "posterior" to ascending colon and liver 1 finger width above iliac crest
30
Left kidney
Upper pole located anterior to 11th and 12th ribs | Located "posterior" to stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon
31
T/F - Kidneys ascend with inspiration
FALSE - descend about 1 inch
32
Surrounding layers of kidneys (inner to outer)
Renal (true) capsule Perirenal fat Renal (false) fascia Pararenal fat
33
Which layer anchors the kidney?
Pararenal fat - collagen fibers pass through to help anchor kidney
34
Renal hilum
Indention on medial side of kidney | Entrance for renal pelvis, artery, vein
35
Internal layers of the kidney (inner to outer)
Cortex (containing nephrons) | Medulla (renal pyramids)
36
Renal papilla
Apex of renal pyramids in the medulla
37
Kidney blood supply for filtration
``` Renal artery Segmental Interlobar Arcuate Radiate Afferent Glomerular capillaries Efferent Vasa recta ```
38
Bowman's capsule
Contains glomerular capillaries | Blood is filtered here
39
Efferent arteries of kidneys
Waste products from these vessels are secreted into tubule for excretion
40
Vasa recta
Helps to remove excessive concentration of Na, K, other solutes
41
Collecting duct pathway of kidney
Nephrons > collecting tubules > renal papilla > minor calyces > major calyces > renal pelvis > ureter > bladder
42
Renal pelvis
Funnel shaped "duct" that is continuous with ureter
43
Nephron consists of:
Renal corpuscle - 1st site for filtering blood | *2 types (juxtomedullary and cortical)
44
Juxtomedullary renal corpuscle
Located near junction of cortex and medulla
45
Cortical renal corpuscle
Located in cortex
46
Proximal convoluted tubule
``` Passive reabsorption (osmotic gradient driven) 65% of H2O and Na that were filtered into Bowman's capsule ```
47
Henle's loop function
Maintain a gradient of osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid of medulla
48
Descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to ____ but NOT _____
H2O (reabsorbed) Na (and other solutes) *Fluid becomes more and more concentrated as it descends
49
Ascending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to ____ but NOT _____
Na (and other solutes) H2O *Fluid becomes less and less concentrated as it ascends
50
Distal convoluted tubule
Reabsorption of Na and H2O occurs here
51
First 2/3 of distal convoluted tubule:
Na is reabsorbed H2O is NOT permeable in this section so it is NOT reabsorbed *Urine becomes very diluted
52
Distal 1/3 of distal convoluted tubule:
H2O is reabsorbed ONLY if ADH is present (ADH makes this section and collecting tubule permeable to H2O) *Urine becomes concentrated again
53
T/F: Secretion of waste products for excretion in the urine may occur in the distal convoluted tubule
True
54
Collecting tubule of kidney
Multiple nephrons will empty into collecting tubule
55
Collecting tubule descends to the ____ and drains into ____
Renal papilla | Minor calyces
56
Ureters description
Smooth muscle tube | Descend anterior along psoas and anterior to internal iliac arteries
57
Ureter regions of constriction
1. Junction of renal pelvis and ureter 2. As ureter passes over pelvic brim 3. As ureter enters bladder
58
What is the significance of ureter regions of constriction?
Potential for kidney stone to be lodged

Anatomy - Modules 8-10 (5 decks)

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