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Anatomy - Modules 8-10 > Module 8 - LE2 > Flashcards

Module 8 - LE2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sciatic nerve divides into which branches?

A 
Common peroneal (fibular)
Tibial
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2
Q

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve splits into:

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

Deep peroneal nerve

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3
Q

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve location:

A

Wraps around head of fibula and then divides into superficial and deep branches

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4
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve supplies:

A

Fibularis longus/brevis

Skin on distal 1/3 of anterior leg and dorsal foot

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5
Q

Deep peroneal nerve supplies:

A

Anterior muscles of leg and dorsum along web of foot (1st interdigital cleft)

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6
Q

Tibial nerve supplies:

A

Posterior muscles of leg, knee joint, and sensation along posterolateral leg
Plantar surface of foot

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7
Q

Tibial nerve divides into:

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves in the foot

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8
Q

Medial plantar nerve supplies:

A

Intrinsic muscles of foot and sensation along medial plantar surface

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9
Q

Lateral plantar nerve supplies:

A

Intrinsic muscles of foot and sensation along lateral plantar surface

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10
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

Neuroma that develops in interdigital nerves in an anastamosis b/w medial and lateral plantar nerves

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11
Q

Superficial nerves of the leg are:

A

Saphenous
Sural
Superficial peroneal

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12
Q

Superficial nerves of the dorsum foot are:

A

Superficial peroneal

Deep peroneal

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13
Q

Superficial nerves of plantar foot are:

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

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14
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve? What does it supply?

A

Branch of the femoral nerve

Supplies “medial” surfaces of leg and foot

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15
Q

Sural nerve is a branch of which nerve? What does it supply?

A

Branch of sciatic nerve

Supplies “posterior” regions down to the foot

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16
Q

Femoral artery passes through ______ and becomes ______ artery

A

Adductor canal

Popliteal

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17
Q

Popliteal artery descends in ______ and divides into:

A

Popliteal fossa

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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18
Q

Anterior tibial artery descends anterior to the:

A

Interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

Neuroma that develops in interdigital nerves in an anastomosis b/w medial and lateral plantar nerves

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20
Q

Anterior tibial artery descends anterior to the:

A

Interosseous membrane

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21
Q

Anterior tibial artery terminates as the:

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

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22
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery eventually forms anastomosis with:

A

Plantar surface of foot

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23
Q

Posterior tibial artery descends:

A

1/3 of the way down the leg and gives off a peroneal artery branch and then continues to descend itself as well

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24
Q

Peroneal artery travels:

A

Posterior to lateral malleolus

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25
Q

Posterior tibial artery passes posterior to _____ and splits into:

A

Medial malleolus

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

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26
Q

Medial and lateral plantar arteries eventually form:

A

Plantar arch

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27
Q

Which bone is weight bearing for the leg?

A

Tibia

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28
Q

What is the purpose of the fibula?

A

Provides structure/function for ankle joint

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29
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces?

A

Head of fibula + lateral condyle of tibia

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30
Q

Proximal tibiofibular joint - movement?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

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31
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces?

A

Medial surface of inferior end of fibula + inferior end of tibia

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32
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint - movement?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion to accommodate talus

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33
Q

Ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Interosseous
Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular
Inferior transverse tibiofibular

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34
Q

Foot is divided into 3 regions:

A

Hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot

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35
Q

Hindfoot consists of:

A

Talus, calcaneus

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36
Q

Midfoot consists of:

A

Cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms

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37
Q

Forefoot consists of:

A

Metatarsals, phlanges

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38
Q

Functions of ankle/foot complex:

A 
Stability/motion
Weight bearing
Shock absorption
Lever system for gait
Conformation to different surfaces
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39
Q

Talocrural joint - what type of joint?

A

Mortise (tibia+fibula) and tenon (talus)

Ankle joint

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40
Q

Ankle is more stable in which movement type?

A

Dorsiflexion

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41
Q

2 ligaments of the ankle are:

A

Deltoid (medial collateral) and Lateral Collateral

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42
Q

Deltoid ligament function

A

Protects against eversion of ankle

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43
Q

Deltoid ligament sections:

A

4 named after each bone they attach to:

  • Tibionavicular
  • Anterior tibiotalar
  • Posterior tibiotalar
  • Tibiocalcaneal
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44
Q

Lateral collateral ligament function

A

Opposes inversion of ankle

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45
Q

Lateral collateral ligament sections

A

3 sections:

  • Anterior talofibular
  • Posterior talofibular
  • Calcaneofibular
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46
Q

Which ligament of the ankle is the classic site for an “ankle sprain”?

A

Anterior talofibular (of lateral collateral ligament)

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47
Q

Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint function

A

Dampens rotational forces of leg and foot

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48
Q

Transverse tarsal joint is ____ shaped line that divides ____ and _____

A

S

Hindfoot and midfoot

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49
Q

____ motion controls the transverse tarsal joint

A

TCN (talocalcaneonavicular) joint

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50
Q

Talocalcaneonavicular (TCN) joint function

A

Acts as a ball bearing for foot movement

TCN is technically part of Transverse tarsal joint

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51
Q

Tarsal metatarsal joint divides ____ and ____

A

Midfoot and forefoot

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52
Q

Tarsal metatarsal joint action

A

Similar to Transverse tarsal joint

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53
Q

Lisfranc injury occurs where?

A

Tarsal metatarsal joint

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54
Q

What is a Lisfranc injury?

A

1+ metatarsal bones displaced from tarsal

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55
Q

Metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) action

A

Flexion/extension of phalanges

Can also abduct/adduct

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56
Q

Anterior crural compartment is the:

A

Dorsiflexor extensor compartment

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57
Q

Anterior crural compartment - anterior/lateral/posterior borders

A

Anterior: tibia, lateral surface
Lateral: intermuscular septum
Posterior: interosseous membrane

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58
Q

Muscles of the anterior crural compartment:

A 
TA, EDL, EHL, PT:
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus tertius
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59
Q

Tibialis anterior attachments

A

Lateral tibia/interosseous membrane + medial cuneiform/1st MT base

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60
Q

Tibialis anterior innervation

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)

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61
Q

Tibialis anterior actions

A

Dorsiflex ankle +/- inversion of foot

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62
Q

Extensor digitorum longus attachments

A

Lateral condyle tibia/medial fibula + phalanges of lateral 4 digits

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63
Q

Extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

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64
Q

Extensor digitorum longus actions

A

Dorsiflex ankle

Extends lateral 4 digits

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65
Q

Extensor hallucis longus attachments

A

Anterior fibula/interosseous membrane + distal phalanx of big toe

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66
Q

Extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

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67
Q

Extensor hallucis longus actions

A

Dorsiflex ankle

Extends great toe

68
Q

Peroneus tertius attachments

A

Anterior fibula/interosseous membrane + distal phalanx of great toe

69
Q

Peroneus tertius innervation

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

70
Q

Nerve and blood supply of anterior compartment of leg muscles:

A

Deep peroneal nerve

Anterior tibial artery

71
Q

Lateral crural compartment - medial/anteromedial/lateral/posterior borders

A

Medial: lateral fibula
Anteromedial: intermuscular septum
Lateral: Deep (crural) fascia
Posterior: intermuscular septum

72
Q

Muscles of the lateral crural compartment:

A

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

73
Q

Peroneus longus attachments

A

Lateral superior 2/3 fibula + 1st MT base/medial cuneiform

74
Q

Peroneus longus innervation

A

Superficial peroneal (L5, S1, S2)

75
Q

Peroneus longus actions

A

Everts foot

Plantar flexes foot, weakly ankle

76
Q

Peroneus brevis attachments

A

Lateral inferior 1/3 fibula + lateral 5th MT

77
Q

Peroneus brevis innervation

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

78
Q

Peroneus brevis actions

A

Everts foot

Plantar flexes foot, weakly ankle

79
Q

Nerve and blood supply of lateral compartment:

A 
Superficial peroneal nerve
Peroneal artery (NO specific artery in lateral compartment)
80
Q

Posterior crural compartment is the ____ of the 3 leg compartments

81
Q

Posterior crural compartment - anterior/posterior

A

Anterior (medial to lateral): Posterior tibia, interosseous membrane, fibula, posterior intermuscular septum

Posterior: posterior crural fascia

82
Q

Muscles of the posterior crural compartment:

A
  • Superficial group: Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

- Deep group: Popliteus, FHL, FDL, tibialis posterior

83
Q

Gastrocnemius attachments

A

Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle + posterior calcaneus

Medial head: popliteal surface of femur (above medial condyle) + posterior calcaneus

84
Q

Gastrocnemius innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

85
Q

Gastrocnemius actions

A
  • Plantar flexes ankle with knee extended
  • Raises heel during walking
  • Flexes leg at knee joint
86
Q

Soleus attachments

A

Posterior fibula + posterior calcaneus

87
Q

Soleus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

88
Q

Soleus actions

A
  • Plantar flexes ankle INDEPENDENT of knee position

- Steadies leg on foot

89
Q

Plantaris attachments

A

Lateral supracondylar femur + posterior calcaneus

90
Q

Plantaris innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

91
Q

Plantaris actions

A

Weakly assists gastroc in PF ankle, flexing knee

*May be a proprioceptive organ

92
Q

Popliteus attachments

A

Lateral condyle of femur + posterior tibia

93
Q

Popliteus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (L4-S1)

94
Q

Popliteus actions

A
  • Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it
  • Non-wt bearing = medially rotate tibia on femur
  • Wt-bearing = laterally rotates femur on tibia
95
Q

Nerve and blood supply of lateral compartment of leg:

A 
Superficial peroneal nerve
Peroneal artery (NO specific artery in lateral compartment)
96
Q

Flexor hallucis longus attachments

A

Posterior fibula + distal phalanx great toe

97
Q

Flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

98
Q

Flexor hallucis longus actions

A

Flexes great toe at all joints
Weakly PF ankle
Supports medial longitudinal arches of foot

99
Q

Flexor digitorum longus attachments

A

Posterior tibia + distal phalanges 4 lateral digits

100
Q

Flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

101
Q

Flexor digitorum longus actions

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits
PF ankle
Supports longitudinal arches of foot

102
Q

Tibialis posterior attachments

A

Posterior tibia/fibula + Tarsals/2-4th MTs

103
Q

Tibialis posterior innervation

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

104
Q

Tibialis posterior actions

A

PF ankle

Inverts (supinates) foot

105
Q

Nerve and blood supply of posterior compartment of leg:

A 
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
Posterior tibial artery, fibular artery
106
Q

Foot arches functions

A 
Balance
Shock absorption
Propulsion
Space for NAV, muscles to pass under foot
Transfer weight forward
107
Q

Longitudinal arch of foot

A

Connective tissue and bone from calcaneus to MT heads

108
Q

Two portions of longitudinal arch:

A

Medial and lateral arches

109
Q

Muscular sling of the longitudinal arch =

A

Peroneus longus + tibialis posterior

110
Q

Ligaments that support the longitudinal arch of the foot:

A

Long plantar
Short plantar
Spring
Plantar aponeurosis

111
Q

Spring ligament =

A

Navicular bone to calcaneus

112
Q

Which ligament bears most of the load in maintaining the longitudinal arch?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

113
Q

Plantar aponeurosis attaches at:

A

Medial calcaneus

114
Q

Windlass effect

A

MCP flexes during gait
Plantar aponeurosis pulls on calcaneus
This increases arch height (maintains supination)

115
Q

Site for plantar fasciitis =

A

Where plantar aponeurosis attaches onto calcaneus

116
Q

Transverse arch is ____ to longitudinal arch

A

Perpendicular

117
Q

Transverse arch consists of:

A

Anterior tarsals + base of MTs to head of MTs

118
Q

Muscular sling that supports transverse arch is:

A

SAME as longitudinal arch

-Peroneus longus + tibialis posterior

119
Q

Dorsum muscles of the foot =

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

120
Q

Plantar muscles of the foot =

A

1st layer: abductor hallucis, FDB, ADM
2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals
3rd layer: FHB, Adductor hallucis, FDMB
4th layer: plantar interossei, dorsal interossei

121
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis attachments

A

Dorsal calcaneus + lateral phalanx great toe

122
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis innervation

A

Deep peroneal (L5, S1)

123
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis attachments

A

Dorsal lateral calcaneus + lateral 2-4th

124
Q

Abductor hallucis attachments

A

Calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis + medial 1st phalanx

125
Q

Abductor hallucis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

126
Q

Abductor hallucis actions

A

Abducts and flexes great toe

127
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis attachments

A

Calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis + middle phalnages of 2-4th

128
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

129
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis actions

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits (PIP and MTP joints)

130
Q

Abductor digit minimi attachments

A

Calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis + lateral 5th phalanx

131
Q

Abductor digiti minimi innervation

A

Lateral plantar (S2, S3)

132
Q

Abductor digit minimi actions

A

Abducts and flexes 5th digit

133
Q

Quadratus plantae attachments

A

Calcaneus + FDL tendon

134
Q

Quadratus plantae innervation

A

Lateral plantar (S2, S3)

135
Q

Quadratus plantae actions

A

Assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 toes

136
Q

Lumbricals attachments

A

FDL tendons + 4 digits

137
Q

Lumbricals innervation

A 
1st = medial plantar
2-4 = lateral plantar
138
Q

Lumbricals actions

A

Flex PIP joints

Extends PIP and DIP joints of lateral 4 toes

139
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis attachments

A

Cuboid/lat cuneiform + great toe

140
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

Medial plantar (S2, S3)

141
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis actions

A

Flexes MTP joint of great toe

142
Q

Adductor hallucis attachments

A

Oblique head = MT bases 2-4 + great toe

Transverse head = plantar ligaments of MTP joints + great toe

143
Q

Adductor hallucis innervation

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

144
Q

Adductor hallucis actions

A

Adducts 1st digit at MTP joint

Assists in maintaining transverse arch

145
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis attachments

A

Base 5th MT + Proximal phalanx of 5th

146
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation

A

Superficial branch lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

147
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis actions

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit at MTP joint

148
Q

Plantar interossei attachments

A

Medial MTs + proximal phalanges of 3-5th

149
Q

Plantar interossei innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

150
Q

Plantar interossei actions

A

Adducts digits 2-4

Flex MTP joints

151
Q

Dorsal interossei attachments

A

MT 1-5 + prox phalanx 2nd digit (1st)

MT 1-5 + lateral 2-4 digits

152
Q

Dorsal interossei innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

153
Q

Dorsal interossei actions

A

Abducts digits 2-4

Flex MTP joints

154
Q

Which is the larger of the terminal tibial nerve branches?

A

Medial plantar nerve

155
Q

Medial plantar nerve sensory and motor

A
  • Sensory (3 branches) = lateral 3.5 digits, plantar surface

- Motor = ABD Hal, FDB, FHB, most medial lumbricals

156
Q

Lateral plantar nerve (superficial) sensory and motor supply

A 
Sensory = Lateral 1.5 digits, plantar surface
Motor = QP, Abductor dig min, FDM
157
Q

Lateral plantar nerve (deep) motor supply

A

Plantar and dorsal interossei, lateral 3 lumbricals, Adductor hallucis

158
Q

Deep peroneal sensory and motor supply

A 
Sensory = 1st interdigital space
Motor = EDB, EHB
159
Q

Superficial peroneal sensory

A

Most of skin along dorsum of foot

160
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

Anterior tibial artery

161
Q

Where can you palpate the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

Between EHL and EDL muscles

162
Q

Deep plantar arch is made of:

A

Deep plantar artery + lateral plantar artery

163
Q

Arcuate artery gives rise to:

A

Dorsal digital arteries

164
Q

Medial plantar artery gives rise to:

A

Most plantar digital arteries

165
Q

T/F: lateral plantar artery is larger than medial plantar artery

Anatomy - Modules 8-10 (5 decks)

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