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Anatomy - Modules 8-10 > Module 8 - LE2 > Flashcards

Module 8 - LE2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sciatic nerve divides into which branches?

A 
Common peroneal (fibular)
Tibial
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2
Q

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve splits into:

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

Deep peroneal nerve

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3
Q

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve location:

A

Wraps around head of fibula and then divides into superficial and deep branches

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4
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve supplies:

A

Fibularis longus/brevis

Skin on distal 1/3 of anterior leg and dorsal foot

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5
Q

Deep peroneal nerve supplies:

A

Anterior muscles of leg and dorsum along web of foot (1st interdigital cleft)

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6
Q

Tibial nerve supplies:

A

Posterior muscles of leg, knee joint, and sensation along posterolateral leg
Plantar surface of foot

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7
Q

Tibial nerve divides into:

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves in the foot

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8
Q

Medial plantar nerve supplies:

A

Intrinsic muscles of foot and sensation along medial plantar surface

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9
Q

Lateral plantar nerve supplies:

A

Intrinsic muscles of foot and sensation along lateral plantar surface

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10
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

Neuroma that develops in interdigital nerves in an anastamosis b/w medial and lateral plantar nerves

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11
Q

Superficial nerves of the leg are:

A

Saphenous
Sural
Superficial peroneal

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12
Q

Superficial nerves of the dorsum foot are:

A

Superficial peroneal

Deep peroneal

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13
Q

Superficial nerves of plantar foot are:

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

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14
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve? What does it supply?

A

Branch of the femoral nerve

Supplies “medial” surfaces of leg and foot

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15
Q

Sural nerve is a branch of which nerve? What does it supply?

A

Branch of sciatic nerve

Supplies “posterior” regions down to the foot

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16
Q

Femoral artery passes through ______ and becomes ______ artery

A

Adductor canal

Popliteal

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17
Q

Popliteal artery descends in ______ and divides into:

A

Popliteal fossa

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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18
Q

Anterior tibial artery descends anterior to the:

A

Interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A

Neuroma that develops in interdigital nerves in an anastomosis b/w medial and lateral plantar nerves

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20
Q

Anterior tibial artery descends anterior to the:

A

Interosseous membrane

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21
Q

Anterior tibial artery terminates as the:

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

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22
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery eventually forms anastomosis with:

A

Plantar surface of foot

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23
Q

Posterior tibial artery descends:

A

1/3 of the way down the leg and gives off a peroneal artery branch and then continues to descend itself as well

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24
Q

Peroneal artery travels:

A

Posterior to lateral malleolus

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25
Posterior tibial artery passes posterior to _____ and splits into:
Medial malleolus | Medial and lateral plantar arteries
26
Medial and lateral plantar arteries eventually form:
Plantar arch
27
Which bone is weight bearing for the leg?
Tibia
28
What is the purpose of the fibula?
Provides structure/function for ankle joint
29
Proximal tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces?
Head of fibula + lateral condyle of tibia
30
Proximal tibiofibular joint - movement?
Ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
31
Distal tibiofibular joint - articular surfaces?
Medial surface of inferior end of fibula + inferior end of tibia
32
Distal tibiofibular joint - movement?
Ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion to accommodate talus
33
Ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?
Interosseous Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular Inferior transverse tibiofibular
34
Foot is divided into 3 regions:
Hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot
35
Hindfoot consists of:
Talus, calcaneus
36
Midfoot consists of:
Cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms
37
Forefoot consists of:
Metatarsals, phlanges
38
Functions of ankle/foot complex:
``` Stability/motion Weight bearing Shock absorption Lever system for gait Conformation to different surfaces ```
39
Talocrural joint - what type of joint?
Mortise (tibia+fibula) and tenon (talus) | Ankle joint
40
Ankle is more stable in which movement type?
Dorsiflexion
41
2 ligaments of the ankle are:
Deltoid (medial collateral) and Lateral Collateral
42
Deltoid ligament function
Protects against eversion of ankle
43
Deltoid ligament sections:
4 named after each bone they attach to: - Tibionavicular - Anterior tibiotalar - Posterior tibiotalar - Tibiocalcaneal
44
Lateral collateral ligament function
Opposes inversion of ankle
45
Lateral collateral ligament sections
3 sections: - Anterior talofibular - Posterior talofibular - Calcaneofibular
46
Which ligament of the ankle is the classic site for an "ankle sprain"?
Anterior talofibular (of lateral collateral ligament)
47
Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint function
Dampens rotational forces of leg and foot
48
Transverse tarsal joint is ____ shaped line that divides ____ and _____
S | Hindfoot and midfoot
49
____ motion controls the transverse tarsal joint
TCN (talocalcaneonavicular) joint
50
Talocalcaneonavicular (TCN) joint function
Acts as a ball bearing for foot movement | TCN is technically part of Transverse tarsal joint
51
Tarsal metatarsal joint divides ____ and ____
Midfoot and forefoot
52
Tarsal metatarsal joint action
Similar to Transverse tarsal joint
53
Lisfranc injury occurs where?
Tarsal metatarsal joint
54
What is a Lisfranc injury?
1+ metatarsal bones displaced from tarsal
55
Metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) action
Flexion/extension of phalanges | Can also abduct/adduct
56
Anterior crural compartment is the:
Dorsiflexor extensor compartment
57
Anterior crural compartment - anterior/lateral/posterior borders
Anterior: tibia, lateral surface Lateral: intermuscular septum Posterior: interosseous membrane
58
Muscles of the anterior crural compartment:
``` TA, EDL, EHL, PT: Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Peroneus tertius ```
59
Tibialis anterior attachments
Lateral tibia/interosseous membrane + medial cuneiform/1st MT base
60
Tibialis anterior innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)
61
Tibialis anterior actions
Dorsiflex ankle +/- inversion of foot
62
Extensor digitorum longus attachments
Lateral condyle tibia/medial fibula + phalanges of lateral 4 digits
63
Extensor digitorum longus innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
64
Extensor digitorum longus actions
Dorsiflex ankle | Extends lateral 4 digits
65
Extensor hallucis longus attachments
Anterior fibula/interosseous membrane + distal phalanx of big toe
66
Extensor hallucis longus innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
67
Extensor hallucis longus actions
Dorsiflex ankle | Extends great toe
68
Peroneus tertius attachments
Anterior fibula/interosseous membrane + distal phalanx of great toe
69
Peroneus tertius innervation
Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
70
Nerve and blood supply of anterior compartment of leg muscles:
Deep peroneal nerve | Anterior tibial artery
71
Lateral crural compartment - medial/anteromedial/lateral/posterior borders
Medial: lateral fibula Anteromedial: intermuscular septum Lateral: Deep (crural) fascia Posterior: intermuscular septum
72
Muscles of the lateral crural compartment:
Peroneus longus | Peroneus brevis
73
Peroneus longus attachments
Lateral superior 2/3 fibula + 1st MT base/medial cuneiform
74
Peroneus longus innervation
Superficial peroneal (L5, S1, S2)
75
Peroneus longus actions
Everts foot | Plantar flexes foot, weakly ankle
76
Peroneus brevis attachments
Lateral inferior 1/3 fibula + lateral 5th MT
77
Peroneus brevis innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve
78
Peroneus brevis actions
Everts foot | Plantar flexes foot, weakly ankle
79
Nerve and blood supply of lateral compartment:
``` Superficial peroneal nerve Peroneal artery (NO specific artery in lateral compartment) ```
80
Posterior crural compartment is the ____ of the 3 leg compartments
Largest
81
Posterior crural compartment - anterior/posterior
Anterior (medial to lateral): Posterior tibia, interosseous membrane, fibula, posterior intermuscular septum Posterior: posterior crural fascia
82
Muscles of the posterior crural compartment:
- Superficial group: Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris | - Deep group: Popliteus, FHL, FDL, tibialis posterior
83
Gastrocnemius attachments
Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle + posterior calcaneus Medial head: popliteal surface of femur (above medial condyle) + posterior calcaneus
84
Gastrocnemius innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
85
Gastrocnemius actions
- Plantar flexes ankle with knee extended - Raises heel during walking - Flexes leg at knee joint
86
Soleus attachments
Posterior fibula + posterior calcaneus
87
Soleus innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
88
Soleus actions
- Plantar flexes ankle INDEPENDENT of knee position | - Steadies leg on foot
89
Plantaris attachments
Lateral supracondylar femur + posterior calcaneus
90
Plantaris innervation
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
91
Plantaris actions
Weakly assists gastroc in PF ankle, flexing knee | *May be a proprioceptive organ
92
Popliteus attachments
Lateral condyle of femur + posterior tibia
93
Popliteus innervation
Tibial nerve (L4-S1)
94
Popliteus actions
- Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it - Non-wt bearing = medially rotate tibia on femur - Wt-bearing = laterally rotates femur on tibia
95
Nerve and blood supply of lateral compartment of leg:
``` Superficial peroneal nerve Peroneal artery (NO specific artery in lateral compartment) ```
96
Flexor hallucis longus attachments
Posterior fibula + distal phalanx great toe
97
Flexor hallucis longus innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
98
Flexor hallucis longus actions
Flexes great toe at all joints Weakly PF ankle Supports medial longitudinal arches of foot
99
Flexor digitorum longus attachments
Posterior tibia + distal phalanges 4 lateral digits
100
Flexor digitorum longus innervation
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
101
Flexor digitorum longus actions
Flexes lateral 4 digits PF ankle Supports longitudinal arches of foot
102
Tibialis posterior attachments
Posterior tibia/fibula + Tarsals/2-4th MTs
103
Tibialis posterior innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
104
Tibialis posterior actions
PF ankle | Inverts (supinates) foot
105
Nerve and blood supply of posterior compartment of leg:
``` Tibial nerve (L4-S3) Posterior tibial artery, fibular artery ```
106
Foot arches functions
``` Balance Shock absorption Propulsion Space for NAV, muscles to pass under foot Transfer weight forward ```
107
Longitudinal arch of foot
Connective tissue and bone from calcaneus to MT heads
108
Two portions of longitudinal arch:
Medial and lateral arches
109
Muscular sling of the longitudinal arch =
Peroneus longus + tibialis posterior
110
Ligaments that support the longitudinal arch of the foot:
Long plantar Short plantar Spring Plantar aponeurosis
111
Spring ligament =
Navicular bone to calcaneus
112
Which ligament bears most of the load in maintaining the longitudinal arch?
Plantar aponeurosis
113
Plantar aponeurosis attaches at:
Medial calcaneus
114
Windlass effect
MCP flexes during gait Plantar aponeurosis pulls on calcaneus This increases arch height (maintains supination)
115
Site for plantar fasciitis =
Where plantar aponeurosis attaches onto calcaneus
116
Transverse arch is ____ to longitudinal arch
Perpendicular
117
Transverse arch consists of:
Anterior tarsals + base of MTs to head of MTs
118
Muscular sling that supports transverse arch is:
SAME as longitudinal arch | -Peroneus longus + tibialis posterior
119
Dorsum muscles of the foot =
Extensor hallucis brevis | Extensor digitorum brevis
120
Plantar muscles of the foot =
1st layer: abductor hallucis, FDB, ADM 2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals 3rd layer: FHB, Adductor hallucis, FDMB 4th layer: plantar interossei, dorsal interossei
121
Extensor hallucis brevis attachments
Dorsal calcaneus + lateral phalanx great toe
122
Extensor hallucis brevis innervation
Deep peroneal (L5, S1)
123
Extensor digitorum brevis attachments
Dorsal lateral calcaneus + lateral 2-4th
124
Abductor hallucis attachments
Calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis + medial 1st phalanx
125
Abductor hallucis innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
126
Abductor hallucis actions
Abducts and flexes great toe
127
Flexor digitorum brevis attachments
Calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis + middle phalnages of 2-4th
128
Flexor digitorum brevis innervation
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
129
Flexor digitorum brevis actions
Flexes lateral 4 digits (PIP and MTP joints)
130
Abductor digit minimi attachments
Calcaneus/plantar aponeurosis + lateral 5th phalanx
131
Abductor digiti minimi innervation
Lateral plantar (S2, S3)
132
Abductor digit minimi actions
Abducts and flexes 5th digit
133
Quadratus plantae attachments
Calcaneus + FDL tendon
134
Quadratus plantae innervation
Lateral plantar (S2, S3)
135
Quadratus plantae actions
Assists FDL in flexing lateral 4 toes
136
Lumbricals attachments
FDL tendons + 4 digits
137
Lumbricals innervation
``` 1st = medial plantar 2-4 = lateral plantar ```
138
Lumbricals actions
Flex PIP joints | Extends PIP and DIP joints of lateral 4 toes
139
Flexor hallucis brevis attachments
Cuboid/lat cuneiform + great toe
140
Flexor hallucis brevis innervation
Medial plantar (S2, S3)
141
Flexor hallucis brevis actions
Flexes MTP joint of great toe
142
Adductor hallucis attachments
Oblique head = MT bases 2-4 + great toe | Transverse head = plantar ligaments of MTP joints + great toe
143
Adductor hallucis innervation
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
144
Adductor hallucis actions
Adducts 1st digit at MTP joint | Assists in maintaining transverse arch
145
Flexor digiti minimi brevis attachments
Base 5th MT + Proximal phalanx of 5th
146
Flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
Superficial branch lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
147
Flexor digiti minimi brevis actions
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit at MTP joint
148
Plantar interossei attachments
Medial MTs + proximal phalanges of 3-5th
149
Plantar interossei innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
150
Plantar interossei actions
Adducts digits 2-4 | Flex MTP joints
151
Dorsal interossei attachments
MT 1-5 + prox phalanx 2nd digit (1st) | MT 1-5 + lateral 2-4 digits
152
Dorsal interossei innervation
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
153
Dorsal interossei actions
Abducts digits 2-4 | Flex MTP joints
154
Which is the larger of the terminal tibial nerve branches?
Medial plantar nerve
155
Medial plantar nerve sensory and motor
- Sensory (3 branches) = lateral 3.5 digits, plantar surface | - Motor = ABD Hal, FDB, FHB, most medial lumbricals
156
Lateral plantar nerve (superficial) sensory and motor supply
``` Sensory = Lateral 1.5 digits, plantar surface Motor = QP, Abductor dig min, FDM ```
157
Lateral plantar nerve (deep) motor supply
Plantar and dorsal interossei, lateral 3 lumbricals, Adductor hallucis
158
Deep peroneal sensory and motor supply
``` Sensory = 1st interdigital space Motor = EDB, EHB ```
159
Superficial peroneal sensory
Most of skin along dorsum of foot
160
Dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of which artery?
Anterior tibial artery
161
Where can you palpate the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery?
Between EHL and EDL muscles
162
Deep plantar arch is made of:
Deep plantar artery + lateral plantar artery
163
Arcuate artery gives rise to:
Dorsal digital arteries
164
Medial plantar artery gives rise to:
Most plantar digital arteries
165
T/F: lateral plantar artery is larger than medial plantar artery
True

Anatomy - Modules 8-10 (5 decks)

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