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Fundamental Final Exam > Module 9a Ch6,ch7 > Flashcards

Module 9a Ch6,ch7 Flashcards

1
Q

Professional Values

A

Altruism: concern for welfare and well-being of others
Autonomy: right to self-determination
Human dignity: respect for inherent worth and
uniqueness of individuals and populations
Integrity: acting according to code of ethics and
standards of practice
Social justice: upholding moral, legal, and humanistic
rights

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2
Q

Altruism:

A

concern for welfare and well-being of others

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3
Q

Autonomy:

A

right to self-determination

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4
Q

Human dignity:

A

respect for inherent worth and

uniqueness of individuals and populations

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5
Q

Integrity:

A

acting according to code of ethics and

standards of practice

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6
Q

Social justice:

A

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic

rights

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7
Q

Types of Ethics

A

Bioethics

Nursing ethics

Feminist ethics

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8
Q

Bioethics

A

o Encompasses a number of fields of “life sciences”

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9
Q

Nursing ethics

A

o Formal study of ethical issues that arise in the
practice of nursing
o Analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgments

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10
Q

Feminist ethics

A

o Critiques existing patterns of oppression and
domination in society especially affecting women and
the poor

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11
Q

Two Categories of Action-Guiding

Theories

A

Utilitarian: The rightness or wrongness of an action
depends on the consequences of the action.
Deontologic: An action is right or wrong independent of
its consequences.

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12
Q

Utilitarian:

A

The rightness or wrongness of an action

depends on the consequences of the action.

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13
Q

Deontologic:

A

An action is right or wrong independent of

its consequences.

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14
Q

Beauchamp and Childress’s Principle-

Based Approach to Bioethics

A

Autonomy: Respect rights of patients to make health care
decisions.
Nonmaleficence: Avoid causing harm.
Beneficence: Benefit the patient.
Justice: Give each his or her due and act fairly.
Fidelity: Keep promises.
Veracity, accountability, privacy, confidentiality

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15
Q

Autonomy:

A

Respect rights of patients to make health care

decisions.

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16
Q

Nonmaleficence:

A

Avoid causing harm.

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17
Q

Beneficence:

A

Benefit the patient.

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18
Q

Justice:

A

Give each his or her due and act fairly.

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19
Q

Fidelity:

A

Keep promises.

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20
Q

Veracity,

A

accountability, privacy, confidentiality

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21
Q

Characteristics of the Care-Based

Approach to Bioethics

A

Centrality of the caring relationship
Promotion of dignity and respect for patients as people
Attention to the particulars of individual patients
Cultivation of responsiveness to others
Redefinition of fundamental moral skills to include virtues

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22
Q

Ethical Conduct

A

Practice based on professional standards of ethical
conduct as well as professional values
Nurses should:
o Cultivate the virtues of nursing (page 105)
o Understand ethical theories that dictate and justify
professional conduct
o Be familiar with codes of ethics for nurses and
standards for professional nursing conduct

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23
Q

Purposes of the Code of Ethics for Nurses

A

It is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and
duties of every nurse.
It is the profession’s nonnegotiable ethical standard.
It is an expression of nursing’s own understanding of its
commitment to society.

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24
Q 
7 Basic Tenets of Bill of Rights for RNs
#1/Registered Nurses Must Be Able to:
A

Practice in a manner that fulfills obligations to society and
to those who receive nursing care
Practice in environments that allow them to act in
accordance with professional standards and legally
authorized scopes of practice
Work in an environment that supports and facilitates
ethical practice, in accordance with the Code of Ethics for
Nurses
Freely and openly advocate for themselves and their
patients, without fear of retribution

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25
Q

7 Basic Tenets of Bill of Rights for RNs

A

2/Registered Nurses Must Be Able to:

Receive fair compensation for their work, consistent with
their knowledge, experience, and professional
responsibilities
Practice in a work environment that is safe for
themselves and their patients
Negotiate the conditions of their employment, either as
individuals or collectively, in all practice settings

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26
Q

Ethical Experience and Decision

Making/Ethical Problems

A

Ethical dilemma: Two (or more) clear moral principles
apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action.
Ethical distress: Occurs when the nurse knows the right
thing to do but either personal or institutional factors
make it difficult to follow the correct course of action.

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27
Q

Using the Nursing Process to Make Ethical

Decisions

A 
Assess the situation (gather data).
Diagnose (identify) the ethical problem.
Plan:
o Identify options.
o Think ethical problem through.
o Make a decision.
Implement your decision.
Evaluate your decision.
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28
Q

Examples of Ethical Problems #1

A 
Paternalism
Deception
Privacy
Confidentiality
Allocation of scarce nursing resources
Valid consent or refusal
Conflicts concerning new technologies
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29
Q

Examples of Ethical Problems #2

A

• Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal
physician practice
• Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal nurse
practice
• Short staffing and whistle-blowing
• Beginning-of-life issues
• End-of-life issues

30
Q

Advocacy in Nursing Practice

A

Primary commitment to the patient
Prioritization of good of individual patient rather than
society in general
Evaluation of competing claims of patient’s autonomy and
patient well-being

31
Q

Areas of Concern for Patient Advocates

A

Representation of patients
Promoting self-determination
Whistle-blowing
Being politically active

32
Q

Ch7 sprackle ppt
Chapter 7
Legal Dimensions of Nursing
Practice

A
33
Q

Definition of Law

A

Standard or rule of conduct established and enforced by
government
o Designed to protect the rights of the Public

34
Q

Law Terminology

A

Litigation: process of bringing and trying a lawsuit
Plaintiff: person bringing suit
Defendant: person being accused of a crime
o Presumed innocent until proven guilty

35
Q

Litigation:

A

process of bringing and trying a lawsuit

36
Q

Plaintiff:

A

person bringing suit

37
Q

Defendant:

A

person being accused of a crime

o Presumed innocent until proven guilty

38
Q

Types of Laws

A

Public law—government is directly involved
o Regulates relationships between individuals and
government
Private law—civil law
o Regulates relationships among people
Criminal law—concerns state and federal criminal statutes
o Defines criminal actions (e.g., murder, theft)

39
Q

Four Sources of Law

A

Constitutions: serve as guides to legislative bodies
Statutory law: enacted by a legislative body
Administrative law: empowered by executive officers
Common law: judiciary system reconciles controversies,
creates body of common law

40
Q

Professional and Legal Regulation of Nursing practice

A 
Nurse practice acts
Standards
Credentialing
o Accreditation
Licensure
o Certification
41
Q

Reasons for Suspending or Revoking a

License

A 
Drug or alcohol abuse
Fraud
Deceptive practice
Criminal acts
Previous disciplinary actions
Gross or ordinary negligence
Physical or mental impairments, including age
42
Q

Due Cause for Revoking a License

A

Notice of investigation
Fair and impartial hearing
Proper decision based on substantial evidence

43
Q

Nurse’s Best Defense of License

Investigation

A

Early legal counseling
Character and expert witnesses
Thorough preparation for all proceedings

44
Q

Criminal Law (Crimes & Torts)

A

Crime: wrong against a person or the person’s property
as well as the public
o Misdemeanor: punishable by fines or less than 1 year
imprisonment
o Felony: punishable by imprisonment for more than 1
year
Tort: a wrong committed by a person against another
person or that person’s property; tried in civil court
o Intentional
o Unintentional
Categories of malpractice P

45
Q

Intentional and Unintentional Torts

A 
Intentional
o Assault and battery
o Defamation of character
o Invasion of privacy
o False imprisonment
o Fraud

Unintentional
o Negligence
o Malpractice

46
Q

HIPAA-Ensured Patient Rights

A

To see and copy their health record
To update their health record
To request correction of any mistakes
To get a list of the disclosures a health care institution
has made independent of disclosures made for the
purposes of treatment, payment, and health care
operations
To request a restriction on certain uses or disclosures
To choose how to receive health information

47
Q

Categories of Malpractice Claims

A 
Failure to follow standards of care
Failure to use equipment in responsible manner
Failure to assess and monitor
Failure to communicate
Failure to document
Failure to act as a patient advocate
48
Q

Four Elements of Liability

A

Duty
Breach of duty
Causation
Damages

49
Q

Three Outcomes of Malpractice Litigation

A

All parties work toward fair settlement.
Case is presented to malpractice arbitration panel.
Case is brought to trial court.

50
Q

Roles of Nurses in Legal Proceedings

A

Nurse as defendant
Nurse as fact witness
Nurse as expert witness

51
Q

Recommendations for Nurse Defendant

A 
Do not discuss the case with those involved in it.
Do not alter patient records.
Cooperate fully with your attorney.
Be courteous on witness stand.
Do not volunteer any information.
52
Q

Legal Safeguards for Nurses #1

A 
Competent practice
Issues that affect competent practice
Informed consent or refusal
Contracts
Collective bargaining
Patient education
Executing physician orders
Delegating nursing care
Documentation
Appropriate use of social media
53
Q

Legal Safeguards for Nurses #2

A 
Adequate staffing
Whistle-blowing
Professional liability insurance
Risk management programs
Just culture
Incident, variance, or occurrence reports; sentinel events
and Never events
Patients’ rights
Good Samaritan Laws
Student liability
54
Q

Elements of Informed Consent

A

Disclosure
Comprehension
Competence
Voluntariness

55
Q

Safeguards to Competent Practice

A

Developing interpersonal communication skills
Respecting legal boundaries of practice
Following institutional procedures and policies
Owning personal strengths and weaknesses
Evaluating proposed assignments
Keeping current in nursing knowledge and skills
Respecting patient rights and developing rapport with
patients
Keeping careful documentation
Working within agency for management policies

56
Q

Types of Risk Management Programs

A

Safety program
Products safety program
Quality assurance programs

57
Q

Information Contained in Incident Reports

A

Complete name of person and names of witnesses
Factual account of incident
Date, time, and place of incident
Pertinent characteristics of person involved
Any equipment or resources being used
Any other important variables
Documentation by physician of medical examination of
person involved

58
Q

OSHA Legal Regulations

A

Use of electrical equipment
Use of isolation techniques
Use of radiation
Use of chemicals

59
Q

Laws Affecting Nursing Practice

A 
Occupational Safety and Health
National Practitioner Data Bank
Reporting obligations
Controlled substances
Discrimination and sexual harassment
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA); Restraints
People with disabilities
Legal issues related to death and dying (wills, advance
directives)
60
Q

Ch6 and 7 note

A
61
Q

Nursing Ethics

A

• Ethical Nursing- Practicing ethically means not only knowing the
right thing to do, but also being prepared to put this into action.
• Ethical guidelines- help nurses work through difficult situations and
provide them with a moral compass to do their jobs fairly.
• Four main principles that are the nursing code of ethics:
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Non-maleficence

62
Q

Name each professional value?

A

• Concern for welfare and well-being of others
• Upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights
• Respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and
populations
• Right to self-determination
• Acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

63
Q

Name these principal based

approaches to bioethics?

A
  • Benefits the patient
  • Keep promises
  • Avoid causing harm
  • Give each his or her due and act fairly
64
Q

Two types of Ethical problems faced

by nurses:

A

• Ethical dilemma- a situation where a nurse must decide between
competing values and know that no matter what choice they make,
there are consequences
The books definition- a situation that arises when attempted adherence
to basic ethical principles results in two conflicting courses of action.
• Moral distress occurs when you know the right thing to do but either
personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct
course of action

65
Q

What is Advocacy in Nursing?

Skills of an Advocate:

A

Advocacy is:
• Supporting
• Protecting/defending
• Speaking out

Skills of an Advocate:
• Problem solving
• Communication
• Influence
• Collaboration
• Patience
66
Q

Areas of Concern for Patient

Advocates

A
  • Representation of patients
  • Promoting self-determination
  • Whistle-blowing
  • Being politically active
67
Q

Law Terminology/Name the term

A
  • Process of bringing and trying a lawsuit
  • Person bringing suit
  • Person being accused of a crime
68
Q

Name the Type of Law

A
  • Regulates relationships between individuals and government
  • Regulates relationships among people
  • Defines criminal actions (e.g., murder, theft)
69
Q

Reasons for Suspending or Revoking

a License

A
  • Drug or alcohol abuse
  • Fraud
  • Deceptive practice
  • Criminal acts
  • Previous disciplinary actions
  • Gross or ordinary negligence
  • Physical or mental impairments, including age
70
Q

Why are Legal Safeguards

Necessary and what are they:

A
  • Competent practice
  • Issues that affect competent practice
  • Informed consent or refusal
  • Contracts
  • Collective bargaining
  • Patient education
  • Executing physician orders
  • Delegating nursing care
  • Documentation
  • Appropriate use of social media
71
Q

Why are Legal Safeguards

Necessary and what are they cont.:

A
  • Adequate staffing
  • Whistle-blowing
  • Professional liability insurance
  • Risk management programs
  • Just culture
  • Incident, variance, or occurrence reports; sentinel events and Never events
  • Patients’ rights
  • Good Samaritan Laws
  • Student liability
72
Q

what factors may influence a
patients acceptance or refusal of
medical treatment?

A
  • Culture
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Sexual Orientation
  • General Health
  • Social Support System

Fundamental Final Exam (6 decks)

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