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PC 707 Pharmacology > Module 9: Unit A > Flashcards

Module 9: Unit A Flashcards

1
Q

Itraconazole (Sporanox) indication

A

Broad-spectrum fungal infections

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2
Q

Itraconazole MOA

A

Inhibits ergosterol and inhibits Fungal CYP metabolism

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3
Q

Safety Itraconazole

A

Cardio suppression, Liver injury
Potent CYP inhibitor so many D2D interactions. (Warfarin, theophylline, macrolides, statins, CYP450 drugs).
Monitor LFTs and ECG.

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4
Q

BBW Itraconazole

A

Not for use with superficial dermatosis or onychomycosis.
Not for use in patients with heart failure or ventricular dysfunction

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5
Q

Fluconazole (Diflucan) indication

A

Systemic. Fungal infections of the skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina

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6
Q

MOA diflucan

A

Inhibits ergosterol and inhibits Fungal CYP metabolism

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7
Q

Safety Diflucan

A

Potent CYP inhibitor so many D2D interactions
Prolongs QT
AE: Nausea, HA, SJS

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8
Q

Griseofulvin (Gris-PEG) indication

A

Systemic antifungal. Superficial mycosis (not active against candida)

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9
Q

Safety Griseofulvin

A

Avoid alcohol.
Monitor LFTs

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10
Q

MOA Griseofulvin

A

Inhibits fungal mitosis

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11
Q

Nystatin (Mycostatin) indication and MOA

A

Oral or topical antifungal
Candidiasis Skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina
Polyene antibiotic

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12
Q

Antifungals-topical: Allylamines

A

(-FINE)
Naftifine (Naftin)
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Butenafine (Lotrimin, Menax)

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13
Q

Naftifine (Naftin)
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Butenafine (Lotrimin, Menax) indication

A

Local tinea

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14
Q

Antivirals used in the treatment of HSV and Varicella Zoster VZV

A

Acyclovir
Valcyclovir
(Prodrug of Acyclovir)
Famciclovir
(prodrug of penciclovir)

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15
Q

Acyclovir MOA

A

Inhibits viral replication by suppressing viral DNA.

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16
Q

Safety/Special Acyclovir

A

Best started at the onset of symptoms. Only decreases symptoms does not produce a cure.
Children 3 months and up

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17
Q

Valacyclovir indication

A

Herpes labialis
Varicella
Genital herpes
Herpes zoster

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18
Q

What age can you prescribe valcyclovir?

A

Approved for children two years of age

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19
Q

Famciclovir
(prodrug of penciclovir)
Indication

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)
Genital herpes

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20
Q

Provider applied wart treatment

A

Podophyllin (podophyllum resin)
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
BCA

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21
Q

Indication TCA and Podophyllin

A

Venereal warts
Common warts

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22
Q

MOA Podophyllin

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis and mitosis.

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23
Q

MOA TCA

A

Chemical coagulation

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24
Q

Safety podophyllin

A

Highly caustic- wash off with alcohol, soap, and water a few hours after application.
Limit treatment to small surfaces.
It can cause central and peripheral neuropathy, kidney damage, and blood dyscrasias.
Not for moles or birthmarks. Repeat tx q 4 weeks.
Not to be used in pregnancy or lactation

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25
Q

Safety TCA

A

Wash off after drying- Talc for neutralization
Repeated weekly.

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26
Q

Patient applied wart tx

A

Imiquimod (Aldara)
Sinecatechins (Veregen)

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27
Q

Imiquimod MOA

A

Apoptosis
Imiquimod does not have antiviral effects – it intensifies the immune response by stimulating the production of interferon-alpha, TNF, and several interleukins.

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28
Q

Safety Imiquimod

A

Imiquimod is approved for those 12 years and older.
It should be avoided in pregnancy.

29
Q

What can treat Rosacea?

A

Flagyl

30
Q

Salicylic acid (3-6%) indication

A

Acne, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis

31
Q

Safety salicylic acid

A

It is readily absorbed through the skin.
Can develop salicylism when high concentrations are used for prolonged time.

32
Q

Benzoyl peroxide indication

A

Mild to moderate acne

33
Q

Benzoyl peroxide MOA

A

Antibiotic and keratolytic. Suppresses P. acnes. DOES not promote resistance in P. Acnes.

34
Q

Clindamycin, Erythromycin indication

A

Acne
Impetigo
MRSA
Cellulitis

35
Q

Clindamycin, erythromycin MOA

A

Suppresses P. acnes. Decrease inflammation.

36
Q

Safety with Clinda and Erythro

A

Monotherapy with either of these can promote resistance. Combine with Benzoyl peroxide.

37
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine indication

A

Second and third-degree burns

38
Q

MOA of silver sulfadiazine

A

Release of free silver-antibacterial

39
Q

Safety Silver Sulfadizaine

A

*sulfa allergy
Not for use in pregnancy at term. It should not be used in patients with G6PD deficiency.

40
Q

Retinol-A:
Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita)
Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova)
Indication

A

Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita) (marketed for acne)
Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova) (marketed for wrinkles)

41
Q

MOA of Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita) (marketed for acne)
Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova) (marketed for wrinkles)

A

Derivative of vitamin A. Can unplug comedones. Prevent new ones and reduce inflammation.
May suppress the gene code for the breakdown of collagen.

42
Q

Safety
Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita)
Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova)

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.

6 weeks to work.

43
Q

Adapalene (Differin) indication

A

mild to moderate acne
wrinkles

44
Q

MOA differin

A

Modulates inflammation, epithelial keratinization

45
Q

Onset and special with Differin

A

8-12 weeks, may seem worse before it gets better.

46
Q

Tazarotene (Tazorac) indcation

A

Acne, wrinkles,
and psoriasis

47
Q

Tazarotene (Tazorac) MOA safety

A

Same as other Retinoids (Modulates inflammation, epithelial keratinization)
Pregnancy category X.

48
Q

Isotretinoin (Accutane) indication

A

Severe nodular cystic acne

49
Q

Accutane MOA

A

Decreases sebum, sebaceous gland size, inflammation, and keratinization. (Also lowers skin P. acnes).

50
Q

Accutane safety

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy. Avoid in breastfeeding
Must be on TWO effect forms of birth control throughout and one month after.
Participate in iPLEDGE

51
Q

BBW accutane

A

Isotretinoin carries a high risk of severe structural and cognitive defects in the developing fetus—increased risk for spontaneous abortion.

52
Q

Hormonal agents for acne

A

Birth control (YAZ, Estrostep, Ortho Tri-cyclen)
Spironolactone (Aldactone)

53
Q

Birth control MOA with acne and length of tx

A

Decrease androgen activity, and decrease production of sebum.
Takes 4-6 months to see effect.

54
Q

MOA spiralactone

A

Blocks steroid receptors including aldosterone and sex hormones).

55
Q

Safety spiralactone

A

hyperkalemia
Taken after BC not effective.

56
Q

Fluorouracil (Efudex) indication

A

Actinic or solar keratosis
Basal cell carcinoma,

57
Q

MOA fluorouracil

A

pyrimidine antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis

58
Q

Safety fluorouracil

A

If applied with a fingertip, wash hands immediately after application. Do not cover the area with an occlusive dressing. Topical preparations are for external use only, not for ophthalmic, oral, mucous membrane, or intravaginal use.

Use is contraindicated in patients who are pregnant.
Adverse effects, including ventricular septal defect and miscarriage, have been reported following topical application of fluorouracil products to mucous membranes in pregnant patients

59
Q

Topical Immune-suppressants: Tacrolimus (Protopic) indication

A

Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis

60
Q

Safety with fluorouracil

A

*May pose a risk for cancer.
Children 2-16 use 0.03% adults may use either 0.1% or 0.03%.

Treatment should be intermittent or short-term.

61
Q

Pimecrolimus cream (Elidel) indication

A

Mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.

62
Q

Safety Pimecrolimus cream

A

Treatment should be intermittent or short-term.

63
Q

Cisaborole ointment (Eucrisa) indication

A

atopic dermititis

64
Q

Eucrisa MOA

A

Inhibits PDE4 – reduction in cytokines and inflammation.

65
Q

Hydrocortisone
Betamethasone
Clobetasol propionate (Clobex)
indication

A

Relieve and itching associated with insect bites inflammation, dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, and pemphigus)

66
Q

MOA topical corticosteroids

A

Anti-inflammatory/
immunosuppressant

67
Q

Safety topical corticosteroids

A

Infection and irritation are potential side effects.
Atrophy of the skin, striae, acne, and adrenal suppression are all potential side effects.

68
Q

Prednisone indication

A

Severe disease:
Pemphigus, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis.

69
Q

Saety prednisone

A

Osteoporosis, infection, impaired wound healing, hyperglycemia, myopathy, electrolyte imbalance, growth delay, psyc disturbances, cataracts, glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, iatrogenic Cushing’s, adrenal suppression.
Drug-to-drug interactions with NSAIDS- GI bleed., insulin or oral hypoglycemics., Vaccines.

PC 707 Pharmacology (39 decks)

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