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PC 707 Pharmacology > Module 9: Unit A > Flashcards

Module 9: Unit A Flashcards

1
Q

Itraconazole (Sporanox) indication

A

Broad-spectrum fungal infections

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2
Q

Itraconazole MOA

A

Inhibits ergosterol and inhibits Fungal CYP metabolism

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3
Q

Safety Itraconazole

A

Cardio suppression, Liver injury
Potent CYP inhibitor so many D2D interactions. (Warfarin, theophylline, macrolides, statins, CYP450 drugs).
Monitor LFTs and ECG.

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4
Q

BBW Itraconazole

A

Not for use with superficial dermatosis or onychomycosis.
Not for use in patients with heart failure or ventricular dysfunction

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5
Q

Fluconazole (Diflucan) indication

A

Systemic. Fungal infections of the skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina

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6
Q

MOA diflucan

A

Inhibits ergosterol and inhibits Fungal CYP metabolism

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7
Q

Safety Diflucan

A

Potent CYP inhibitor so many D2D interactions
Prolongs QT
AE: Nausea, HA, SJS

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8
Q

Griseofulvin (Gris-PEG) indication

A

Systemic antifungal. Superficial mycosis (not active against candida)

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9
Q

Safety Griseofulvin

A

Avoid alcohol.
Monitor LFTs

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10
Q

MOA Griseofulvin

A

Inhibits fungal mitosis

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11
Q

Nystatin (Mycostatin) indication and MOA

A

Oral or topical antifungal
Candidiasis Skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina
Polyene antibiotic

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12
Q

Antifungals-topical: Allylamines

A

(-FINE)
Naftifine (Naftin)
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Butenafine (Lotrimin, Menax)

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13
Q

Naftifine (Naftin)
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Butenafine (Lotrimin, Menax) indication

A

Local tinea

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14
Q

Antivirals used in the treatment of HSV and Varicella Zoster VZV

A

Acyclovir
Valcyclovir
(Prodrug of Acyclovir)
Famciclovir
(prodrug of penciclovir)

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15
Q

Acyclovir MOA

A

Inhibits viral replication by suppressing viral DNA.

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16
Q

Safety/Special Acyclovir

A

Best started at the onset of symptoms. Only decreases symptoms does not produce a cure.
Children 3 months and up

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17
Q

Valacyclovir indication

A

Herpes labialis
Varicella
Genital herpes
Herpes zoster

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18
Q

What age can you prescribe valcyclovir?

A

Approved for children two years of age

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19
Q

Famciclovir
(prodrug of penciclovir)
Indication

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)
Genital herpes

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20
Q

Provider applied wart treatment

A

Podophyllin (podophyllum resin)
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
BCA

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21
Q

Indication TCA and Podophyllin

A

Venereal warts
Common warts

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22
Q

MOA Podophyllin

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis and mitosis.

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23
Q

MOA TCA

A

Chemical coagulation

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24
Q

Safety podophyllin

A

Highly caustic- wash off with alcohol, soap, and water a few hours after application.
Limit treatment to small surfaces.
It can cause central and peripheral neuropathy, kidney damage, and blood dyscrasias.
Not for moles or birthmarks. Repeat tx q 4 weeks.
Not to be used in pregnancy or lactation

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25
Safety TCA
Wash off after drying- Talc for neutralization Repeated weekly.
26
Patient applied wart tx
Imiquimod (Aldara) Sinecatechins (Veregen)
27
Imiquimod MOA
Apoptosis Imiquimod does not have antiviral effects – it intensifies the immune response by stimulating the production of interferon-alpha, TNF, and several interleukins.
28
Safety Imiquimod
Imiquimod is approved for those 12 years and older. It should be avoided in pregnancy.
29
What can treat Rosacea?
Flagyl
30
Salicylic acid (3-6%) indication
Acne, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis
31
Safety salicylic acid
It is readily absorbed through the skin. Can develop salicylism when high concentrations are used for prolonged time.
32
Benzoyl peroxide indication
Mild to moderate acne
33
Benzoyl peroxide MOA
Antibiotic and keratolytic. Suppresses P. acnes. DOES not promote resistance in P. Acnes.
34
Clindamycin, Erythromycin indication
Acne Impetigo MRSA Cellulitis
35
Clindamycin, erythromycin MOA
Suppresses P. acnes. Decrease inflammation.
36
Safety with Clinda and Erythro
Monotherapy with either of these can promote resistance. Combine with Benzoyl peroxide.
37
Silver Sulfadiazine indication
Second and third-degree burns
38
MOA of silver sulfadiazine
Release of free silver-antibacterial
39
Safety Silver Sulfadizaine
*sulfa allergy Not for use in pregnancy at term. It should not be used in patients with G6PD deficiency.
40
Retinol-A: Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita) Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova) Indication
Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita) (marketed for acne) Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova) (marketed for wrinkles)
41
MOA of Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita) (marketed for acne) Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova) (marketed for wrinkles)
Derivative of vitamin A. Can unplug comedones. Prevent new ones and reduce inflammation. May suppress the gene code for the breakdown of collagen.
42
Safety Tretinoin (Retin-A, Atralin, Avita) Tretinoin (Refissa, Renova)
Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. 6 weeks to work.
43
Adapalene (Differin) indication
mild to moderate acne wrinkles
44
MOA differin
Modulates inflammation, epithelial keratinization
45
Onset and special with Differin
8-12 weeks, may seem worse before it gets better.
46
Tazarotene (Tazorac) indcation
Acne, wrinkles, and psoriasis
47
Tazarotene (Tazorac) MOA safety
Same as other Retinoids (Modulates inflammation, epithelial keratinization) Pregnancy category X.
48
Isotretinoin (Accutane) indication
Severe nodular cystic acne
49
Accutane MOA
Decreases sebum, sebaceous gland size, inflammation, and keratinization. (Also lowers skin P. acnes).
50
Accutane safety
Contraindicated in pregnancy. Avoid in breastfeeding Must be on TWO effect forms of birth control throughout and one month after. Participate in iPLEDGE
51
BBW accutane
Isotretinoin carries a high risk of severe structural and cognitive defects in the developing fetus—increased risk for spontaneous abortion.
52
Hormonal agents for acne
Birth control (YAZ, Estrostep, Ortho Tri-cyclen) Spironolactone (Aldactone)
53
Birth control MOA with acne and length of tx
Decrease androgen activity, and decrease production of sebum. Takes 4-6 months to see effect.
54
MOA spiralactone
Blocks steroid receptors including aldosterone and sex hormones).
55
Safety spiralactone
hyperkalemia Taken after BC not effective.
56
Fluorouracil (Efudex) indication
Actinic or solar keratosis Basal cell carcinoma,
57
MOA fluorouracil
pyrimidine antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis
58
Safety fluorouracil
If applied with a fingertip, wash hands immediately after application. Do not cover the area with an occlusive dressing. Topical preparations are for external use only, not for ophthalmic, oral, mucous membrane, or intravaginal use. Use is contraindicated in patients who are pregnant. Adverse effects, including ventricular septal defect and miscarriage, have been reported following topical application of fluorouracil products to mucous membranes in pregnant patients
59
Topical Immune-suppressants: Tacrolimus (Protopic) indication
Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
60
Safety with fluorouracil
*May pose a risk for cancer. Children 2-16 use 0.03% adults may use either 0.1% or 0.03%. Treatment should be intermittent or short-term.
61
Pimecrolimus cream (Elidel) indication
Mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.
62
Safety Pimecrolimus cream
Treatment should be intermittent or short-term.
63
Cisaborole ointment (Eucrisa) indication
atopic dermititis
64
Eucrisa MOA
Inhibits PDE4 – reduction in cytokines and inflammation.
65
Hydrocortisone Betamethasone Clobetasol propionate (Clobex) indication
Relieve and itching associated with insect bites inflammation, dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, and pemphigus)
66
MOA topical corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory/ immunosuppressant
67
Safety topical corticosteroids
Infection and irritation are potential side effects. Atrophy of the skin, striae, acne, and adrenal suppression are all potential side effects.
68
Prednisone indication
Severe disease: Pemphigus, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis.
69
Saety prednisone
Osteoporosis, infection, impaired wound healing, hyperglycemia, myopathy, electrolyte imbalance, growth delay, psyc disturbances, cataracts, glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, iatrogenic Cushing’s, adrenal suppression. Drug-to-drug interactions with NSAIDS- GI bleed., insulin or oral hypoglycemics., Vaccines.

PC 707 Pharmacology (39 decks)

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