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PC 707 Pharmacology > Module 2 Drugs version 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Drugs version 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What condition would we use famciclovir to treat?

A

Famciclovir
(prodrug of penciclovir)

Shingles/Herpes zoster

Good for immunocompromised patients for genital herpes

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2
Q

What age can we give acyclovir? valacyclovir? Why?

A

Acyclovir-3 months

Valcyclovir-2 years. It is a prodrug

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3
Q

How do antivirals for HSV work?

A

Acyclovir/Valcyclovir: inhibits viral replication by suppressing viral DNA.

Famciclovir: inhibition of DNA synthesis

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4
Q

What medication should not be given for flu treatment and why?

A

Symmetral

NOT recommended in treatment of Flu due to flu resistance

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5
Q

How does Tamiflu and Relenza work?

A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivit (Relena)

inhibits neuraminidase (stops replication)

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6
Q

What age can we give each flu antiviral?

A

Oseltamivit (Tamiflu)- 1 year and older
Zanamivit (Relenza)- treatment 7 y/o+ and prevention 5 y/o+
Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)- treatment 12 y/o+

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7
Q

What is prep used for? How does it work?

A

Emtricitabine and tenofovir (Truveda)

Pre exposure prophylaxis to HIV for people at risk that weigh at least 77 pounds

The drug works by preventing HIV from replicating in the body. PrEP acts as a catalyst that helps the body produce antibodies, which help diseases causing germs and viruses.
• Emtricitabine restrains reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA. It also lowers the amount of HIV and increases the immune system cells in the patient’s body. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate also blocks the reverse transcriptase.

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8
Q

When do we use glycopeptides (Vancomycin)?

A

G+

Reserved for serious infections.

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9
Q

What drugs interfere with cell wall synthesis?

A

Vanc, cephalosporins

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10
Q

What drugs weaken the cell wall?

A

PCN and imipenem

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11
Q

What antibiotics inhibit DNA?

A

Fluoroquinolones, flagyl, macrobid

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12
Q

What antibiotics inhibit RNA synthesis?

A

Rifampin, tetracyclines

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13
Q

What drugs inhibit folate metabolism

A

Sulfa (bactrim/septra)

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14
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

A

Macrolids, clindamycin, gentamycin, oxazolidinones(zovox)

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15
Q

What two drugs are reserved for serious infections?

A

Vanc (serious infections) and zovox (serious infections that are drug resistant)

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16
Q

What are the broad spectrum penicillins?

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Augmentin

17
Q

What are the extended spectrum penicillins?

A

Piperacillin

Augmentin/Unasyn

18
Q

Review the different generations of cephalosporins

A

1st: Duricef
1st: Keflex
2nd: Cefzil
2nd: Ceftin
3rd: Cedax
3rd: Suprax
3rd: Recephin
3rd: Omnicef
4th: Cefepime

D-K-C-C-C-S-R-O-C

19
Q

Who should not receive fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxin,levaquin,avelox/factiva)?

A

Not for use in children under 18 y/o= C.Diff

It should not be prescribed for patients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease, hypertension, Marfan’s syndrome, and the elderly due to the increased risk of aortic aneurysm.

20
Q

When should we use carbapenems (Imipenem)?

A

Parenteral administration is reserved for pts who cannot be treated with a narrower spectrum

21
Q

What is the black box warning associated with clindamycin?

A

C. Diff

22
Q

When should metronidazole (flagyl) not be used?

A

Do not use if has used disulfiram in the last two weeks.

23
Q

What is the black box warning associated with aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin)

A

Ototoxic, Neurotoxicity

Nephrotoxic

24
Q

What side effects may we see with Rifampin?

A

Hepatotoxicity

*discolors urine

25
Q

What side affects are associated with nitrofurantoin, macrodantin, and macrobid?

A

Acute pulmonary reactions

Possibility of hemolytic anemia due to immature erythrocyte enzyme systems

26
Q

What medications can cause bleeding problems with warfarin?

A

Sulfa and tertracyclines

PC 707 Pharmacology (39 decks)

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