Module 2 Drugs version 2 Flashcards
What condition would we use famciclovir to treat?
Famciclovir
(prodrug of penciclovir)
Shingles/Herpes zoster
Good for immunocompromised patients for genital herpes
What age can we give acyclovir? valacyclovir? Why?
Acyclovir-3 months
Valcyclovir-2 years. It is a prodrug
How do antivirals for HSV work?
Acyclovir/Valcyclovir: inhibits viral replication by suppressing viral DNA.
Famciclovir: inhibition of DNA synthesis
What medication should not be given for flu treatment and why?
Symmetral
NOT recommended in treatment of Flu due to flu resistance
How does Tamiflu and Relenza work?
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivit (Relena)
inhibits neuraminidase (stops replication)
What age can we give each flu antiviral?
Oseltamivit (Tamiflu)- 1 year and older
Zanamivit (Relenza)- treatment 7 y/o+ and prevention 5 y/o+
Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)- treatment 12 y/o+
What is prep used for? How does it work?
Emtricitabine and tenofovir (Truveda)
Pre exposure prophylaxis to HIV for people at risk that weigh at least 77 pounds
The drug works by preventing HIV from replicating in the body. PrEP acts as a catalyst that helps the body produce antibodies, which help diseases causing germs and viruses.
• Emtricitabine restrains reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that copies HIV RNA into new viral DNA. It also lowers the amount of HIV and increases the immune system cells in the patient’s body. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate also blocks the reverse transcriptase.
When do we use glycopeptides (Vancomycin)?
G+
Reserved for serious infections.
What drugs interfere with cell wall synthesis?
Vanc, cephalosporins
What drugs weaken the cell wall?
PCN and imipenem
What antibiotics inhibit DNA?
Fluoroquinolones, flagyl, macrobid
What antibiotics inhibit RNA synthesis?
Rifampin, tetracyclines
What drugs inhibit folate metabolism
Sulfa (bactrim/septra)
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?
Macrolids, clindamycin, gentamycin, oxazolidinones(zovox)
What two drugs are reserved for serious infections?
Vanc (serious infections) and zovox (serious infections that are drug resistant)
What are the broad spectrum penicillins?
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Augmentin
What are the extended spectrum penicillins?
Piperacillin
Augmentin/Unasyn
Review the different generations of cephalosporins
1st: Duricef
1st: Keflex
2nd: Cefzil
2nd: Ceftin
3rd: Cedax
3rd: Suprax
3rd: Recephin
3rd: Omnicef
4th: Cefepime
D-K-C-C-C-S-R-O-C
Who should not receive fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxin,levaquin,avelox/factiva)?
Not for use in children under 18 y/o= C.Diff
It should not be prescribed for patients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease, hypertension, Marfan’s syndrome, and the elderly due to the increased risk of aortic aneurysm.
When should we use carbapenems (Imipenem)?
Parenteral administration is reserved for pts who cannot be treated with a narrower spectrum
What is the black box warning associated with clindamycin?
C. Diff
When should metronidazole (flagyl) not be used?
Do not use if has used disulfiram in the last two weeks.
What is the black box warning associated with aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin)
Ototoxic, Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxic
What side effects may we see with Rifampin?
Hepatotoxicity
*discolors urine
What side affects are associated with nitrofurantoin, macrodantin, and macrobid?
Acute pulmonary reactions
Possibility of hemolytic anemia due to immature erythrocyte enzyme systems
What medications can cause bleeding problems with warfarin?
Sulfa and tertracyclines
