Module 9 Suffixes

Question 1

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 1

“-pril”
* Benazepril
* Captopril
* Enalapril
* Lisinopril
* Ramipril

Blood Pressure Agents

Blocks ACE from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the RAAS. This blocks aldosterone leading to
vasodilation, sodium and water excretion, and small increase in serum potassium

Question 2

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Answer 2

“-sartan”
* Candesartan
* Irbesartan
* Losartan
* Olmesartan
* Telmisartan
* Valsartan

Blood Pressure Agents

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
* Blocks angiotensin II from binding with the receptors on the vascular smooth muscle and in the adrenal cortex
* prevents vasoconstriction
* prevents release of aldosterone

Question 3

Renin Inhibitor

Answer 3

Aliskiren

Blood Pressure Agents

• Inhibits renin which inhibits the RAAS
• Decreased BP
• Decreased aldosterone
• Decreased sodium reabsorption

Question 4

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 4

“-dipine”
* Amlodipine
* Felodipine
* Nifedipine
* Diltiazem
* Verapamil

Blood Pressure Agents

Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the cell membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle, depressing the impulse
and leading to slowed conduction, decreased myocardial contractility, and relaxing and dilating the arteries.

Question 5

Vasodilators

Answer 5

“Nitro”
Nitroprusside & Nitroglycerin

Hydralazine
Minoxidil

Blood Pressure Agents

• Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation which leads to vasodilation and decrease in BP
• Also results in decreased peripheral vascular resistance which increases cardiac output

Question 6

Diuretics

Answer 6

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
* Chlorothiazide
* chlorthalidone
* hydrochlorothiazide

Potassium-sparing diuretics
* spironolactone
* triamterene

Blood Pressure Agents

Increase the excretion of sodium and water from the kidney to lower blood pressure

Question 7

Sympathetic Nervous System Blockers:
Beta-Blockers

Answer 7

“-olol”
* Atenolol
* Metoprolol
* Propranolol - Nonselective

Blood Pressure Agents

Blocks beta receptors in the heart
Decreases heart rate and cardiac muscle contraction
Vasodilates which increases blood flow to the kidneys, leading to a decrease in the release of renin

Question 8

Sympathetic Nervous System Blockers:
Alpha-adrenergic blocker (non-selective)

Answer 8

Phentolamine

Blood Pressure Agents

• Blocks Alpha1 receptors: vasodilation resulting in decreased BP
• Blocks Alpha2 receptors: prevents norepinephrine feedback loop resulting in increase in reflex tachycardia

Question 9

Sympathetic Nervous System
Blockers: Alpha1-blockers

Answer 9

“-azosin”
* Doxazosin
* Prazosin
* Terazosin

Blood Pressure Agents

Blocks alpha1-receptor sites
* Decreases vascular tone resulting in
vasodilation

Question 10

Sympathetic Nervous System Blockers:
Alpha- and Beta- blockers (Nonselective Adrenergic Blocking Agents)

Answer 10

Carvedilol
Labetalol

Blood Pressure Agents

Blocks norepinephrine at all
alpha and beta receptors in the SNS
* Lower BP and HR
* Increased renal perfusion - decreases Renin

Question 11

Sympathetic Nervous System
Blocker:
Alpha2-agonist

Answer 11

Clonidine

Blood Pressure Agents

Stimulates the alpha2 receptors in the CNS and inhibits the CV centers, leading to a decrease
in sympathetic outflow from the CNS resulting in a drop in BP

Question 12

Vasopressors

Answer 12

Dobutamine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

Blood Pressure Agents

Stimulate all adrenergic receptors/SNS
* HR and myocardial contractility increases
* Blood vessels constrict and BP increases
* Bronchi dilate and rate/depth of breathing increases

Question 13

Antiplatelet Agents

Answer 13

“-grel” in name
Clopidogrel & Ticagrelor

Aspirin

Coagulation Modifiers

Blocks the receptor site on the platelet membrane which prevents platelets for sticking together and clumping

Question 14

Anticoagulant Agents

Answer 14

• Heparin
• Warfarin
• -”xaban”
• Rivaroxaban
• Apixaban
• Dabigatran

Coagulation Modifiers

Interfere with the normal cascade of events involved in the clotting process

Question 15

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (LMWH)

Answer 15

“-parin”
Dalteparin & Enoxaparin

Coagulation Modifiers

Inhibit thrombus and clot formation by blocking factors Xa and IIa

Question 16

Thrombolytic Agents (aka Clot Busters)

Answer 16

“teplase”
* Alteplase
* Reteplase
* Tenecteplase

Coagulation Modifiers

Activates plasminogen to plasmin, which in turn breaks down fibrin threads in a clot to dissolve it

Question 17

Hemorrheologic Agent

Answer 17

Pentoxifylline

Coagulation Modifiers

Xanthine that decreases platelet aggregation and decreases fibrinogen concentration in the blood

Question 18

Antihemophilic

Answer 18

“factor”
* All medications in this category have the word “factor” in their name

Coagulation Modifiers

Replace clotting factors that are either genetically missing or low in a particular type of hemophilia

Question 19

Hemostatic Agents

Answer 19

Systemic
* aminocaproic acid

Topical
* absorbable gelatin
* collagen
* fibrin
* thrombin

Systemic: prevent systemic clot breakdown to prevent blood loss
Topical: for surface injuries involving so much damage to the small vessels in the area that clotting does not occur and blood is slowly and continually lost