Module 10 Suffixes

Question 1

Class I
Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Answer 1

○Ia: Procainamide, quinidine
○Ib: Lidocaine
○Ic : Flecainide, propafenone

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Block the sodium channels in the cell membrane during an action potential (phase 0)

Question 2

Class II Antiarrhythmic

Answer 2

(-olol’s)
○Acebutolol
○Esmolol
○Propranolol

○Digoxin
○Adenosine

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Beta-adrenergic blockers block beta- receptors, causing a depression of phase 4 of the action potential (-olol’s)
Other class II antiarrhythmics act on the autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Class III Antiarrhythmic

Answer 3

Amiodarone
Dofetilide
Sotalol

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Block potassium channels and slow the outward movement of potassium during phase 3 of the action potential, prolonging it

Mnemonic S.A.D

Question 4

Class IV Antiarrhythmic

Answer 4

Diltiazem
Verapamil

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Block the movement of calcium ions across the cell membrane, depressing the generation of action potentials and delaying phases 1 and 2 of repolarization, which slows automaticity and conduction

Question 5

Cardiac Glycosides

Answer 5

Digoxin

Agents for Treating HF

Increases force of myocardial contraction, cardiac output and renal perfusion and output and decreases blood volume to slow
heart rate and conduction velocity through the AV node.

Question 6

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Answer 6

Milrinone

Agents for Treating HF

Blocks the enzyme phosphodiesterase, leads to an increase in myocardial cell cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which
increases calcium levels in the cell, causing a stronger contraction and prolonged response to sympathetic stimulation; directly relaxes
vascular smooth muscle.

Question 7

Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic
Nucleotide–Gated Channel Blockers (HCN Blockers)

Answer 7

Ivabradine

Agents for Treating HF

Blocking the HCNs slows the heart’s pacemaker, the sinus node, in the repolarizing phase of the action potential
Leads to reduced heart rate

Question 8

Angiotensin Receptor
Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI)

Answer 8

Sacubitril/valsartan

Agents for Treating HF

Blocks breakdown of natriuretic peptides
Inhibits effects of RAAS

Question 9

Nitrates

Answer 9

Isosorbide dinitrate (preventative)
Isosorbide mononitrate (preventative)
Nitroglycerin (preventative & treatment of acute attack

Antianginal Agents

Act directly on smooth muscle to cause relaxation and depress muscle tone of
blood vessels.
Relax and dilate veins, arteries, and capillaries

Question 10

Beta Blockers (-olol’s)

Answer 10

○ Atenolol
○ Metoprolol
○ Propranolol
○ Nadolol

Antianginal Agents

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidneys, decreases the influence of the SNS on these tissues; decreases cardiac output and the release of renin.

Question 11

Calcium Channel
Blockers

Answer 11

*Nondihydropyridine
diltiazem and verapamil

*Dihydropyridine
Amlodipine,Nicardipine,Nifedipine

Antianginal Agents

Inhibit the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering the action
potential and blocking muscle cell contraction