(Module 9)Respiration Flashcards
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen —-> Carbon dioxide + water vapour + energy
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the energy made in respiration used for
Muscle contraction (movement)
Chemical reactions (built larger molecules from smaller networks) e.g protein synthesis
Control of body temperature
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What cell does aerobic respiration take place in
The mitochondria in plant and animal cells
Why are greenhouses perfect for photosynthesis
They let sunlight in, but it is trapped inside
Levels of CO2 can be added
Artificial lights can be added
All parts can be manipulated
What is glycogen
This is what glucose is stored as when not in use, and then is used later
When is anaerobic respiration used
This is used when the body is undergoing hard exercise and there is a lack of oxygen. Glucose still needs to be used
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans
Glucose (+a tiny bit of oxygen) —-> Lactic acid + 2ATP of energy (tiny bit of energy)
What effect does lactic acid have on the body
It creates what is called as oxygen debt, where the build up causes pains and stitches
Response to exercise (6 mark answer scheme)
*During exercise our bodies (i.e muscle cells) require more oxygen and more glucose in order to respire more quickly. This is because the muscles are working harder and faster (contrasting more)
*The heat and lungs have to work harder. Therefore:
*breathing rate increases (supplies more oxygen to your exercising muscles and removes excess carbon dioxide being produced)
*heart rate increases, and the arteries supplying blood to the muscles dilute (widen), this delivers more oxygen and glucose to the muscles
*it also increases the rate of carbon dioxide and lactic acid removed from your muscles
Glycogen stored in the muscles is converted back to glucose to increase the rate of respiration
Higher rate of respiration occurs as more energy is needed
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in other plants, animals and yeast
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is metabolism
The metabolism of an organism is the sum of all reactions that take place in a cell or in the body
Give examples of metabolic reactions
The conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
The formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids that are then used to make proteins
The reactions of respiration
The reactions of photosynthesis
The breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys
What does the liver do
Detoxifying poisonous substances such as ethanol from alcoholic drinks
Passing the breakdown products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys
Breaking down old, worn out blood cells and storing the iron until it is needed to synthesise more blood cells
Dealing with lactic acid
How does the liver remove lactic acid
The lactic acid flows to the liver in the blood stream
It is converted into glucose
The oxygen debt is repaid once the acid is glucose and broken down in aerobic respiration to form carbon dioxide and water
If not needed, transformed to glycogen and stored in the liver
