Module 9: Muskuloskeletal (b) Flashcards
1
Q
Acute Knee injury
-Collateral Ligaments
A
- MCL Injury
—External rotational wrenching motion of the knee OR
—Blow to lateral side of the knee w/ a firmly planted foot - LCL Injury
—Internal rotational motion OR
—Blow to the medial side of the knee with a firmly planted foot - Injury is Graded — First, Second, or third-degree sprains
2
Q
Acute Knee injury
-Collateral Ligament Evaluation
A
- MCL injury presents w/ medial knee pain
- LCL present w/ lateral knee pain
- Observe both knees for swelling, deformity, muscle atrophy, tenderness, bony landmarks patella placement, pulses, & ROM
- Tenderness is noted along body of ligament w/ collateral ligament sprain **
3
Q
Acute Knee injury
-Collateral Ligaments 1st and 2nd Degree Strains?
A
- First and second degree strains can be managed with RICE — Rest, Ice, Compression/Immobilization, and elevation
- Third degree strain REFER to Orthopedic Surgeon
- Unstable Knee — Brace is worn
- Avoid weight bearing if swollen or acutely painful
- Hamstring strengthening exercises, PT when able to tolerate
4
Q
Acute Knee injury
-Cruciate Ligaments
A
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is most commonly involved structure in SEVERE KNEE INJURIES
—Injury can be a sprain, partial tear, or a complete disruption of the ligament - Typically injured in sports — rapid deceleration or quickly changing directions or direct blow
—Patient may recall a “pop” or feeling the knee “SNAP”
5
Q
Acute Knee injury
-Cruciate Ligaments PE
A
- Anterior Drawer Test can help assess ACL injury
6
Q
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) -Info/Stats
A
- Most common elbow complaints
- Overuse injury as a result of repeated trauma at the attachment of the tendon to the epicondyle of the humerus
- Continued use prevents healing and results in chronic inflammation
7
Q
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) -Presentation
A
- Pain is associated w/ activity
2. Pain is REPRODUCIBLE by elbow or wrist extension and by direct pressure over the tendon attachment to the epicondyle
8
Q
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) -Management
A
- Management begins before injury occurs
- Flexibility, strength, and endurance training — Warm up and cool down w/ stretching
- Avoidance of fatigue by limiting total activity time
- Proper equipment, body mechanics
9
Q
Morton’s Neuroma
-Info/Stats
A
- Perineural fibrosis of the planter nerve at the point where the medial and lateral branches of the plantar nerve converge
10
Q
Morton’s Neuroma
-Presentation
A
- Complaint of severe pain and burning in the region of the 3rd web space
- Barefoot and foot massages relieve discomfort
- Elevation of the foot AGGRAVATES condition **
11
Q
Morton’s Neuroma
-Management
A
- Conservative treatment
- Wider toed shoes w/ a small pad
- NSAIDS for inflammation
- Refer to Podiatry for persistent cases
12
Q
Low Back Pain
-Info/Stats
A
- 80% of adults will experience LBP at some time during life
- Second most common diagnosis seen in primary care
- 97% of cases are mechanical — lumbar strain, degenerative disk disease, herniated disk
—Check infectious cause for pt that is immunocompromised — pain worse at night or worse in supine position
13
Q
Low Back Pain
-Red Flags
A
- Cauda Equina Syndrome — Multiple lumbar nerve root compressions — MEDICAL EMERGENCY
—Bowel and bladder dysfunction — Urinary retention in 90% of cases
—Can have severe neuro deficit in lower extremities
—Severe muscle weakness and laxity of anal sphincter
14
Q
Low Back Pain
-MS Exam
A
- Gait and Spine
- Palpate inspect alignment, symmetry, curvature, and ROM
- Straight Leg raises
- DTR’s
- Measure limb length, calf and thigh circumference
