Module 9: Disorders of Cardiac Function Flashcards
Where is the heart located
in the left side of the mediastinum
Epicardium
covers the outer surface of the heart
has 2 layers: parietal and visceral
Myocardium
the middle layer of the heart and is the actual contracting muscle of the heart
Endocardium
is the innermost layer of the heart and lines the inner chambers and the heart valves
The epicardium is continuous with…
the pleura of the lungs
this means any leakages there can compress the heart as well
the endocardium is continuous…
with the endothelium of all vessels in the body - it ends up being a closed system to allow laminar flow
The atrioventricular valves lie between…
the atria and ventricles (the bicuspid/mitral and tricuspid valves)
The atrioventricular valves close when?
at the start of ventricular contraction (to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria from the ventricles
When do the atrioventricular valves open up?
the valves open when the ventricles relax
The bicuspid/mitral valve is located…
on the left side of the heart
The tricuspid valve is located…
on the right side of the heart
What holds leaflets of valves closed?
Papillary Muscles and Chordae Tendinea
Which AV valve has higher pressure on it?
Mitral (by a lot)
The pulmonic semilunar valve lies …
between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
The aortic semilunar valve lies between…
the left ventricle and aorta
When do the semilunar valves open?
they open during ventricular contraction
When do the semilunar valves closed
when the ventricles begin to relax
What is the purpose of the semilunar valves
to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles during relaxation
What feeds the myocardium?
NOT BLOOD IN THE VENTRICLES
it is the coronary circulation that feeds it
Where do the coronary arteries start?
they root off of the aorta
Coronary Veins
return deoxygenated blood from the heart back to the circulation so the blood can mix with systemic blood
What causes anginal pain?
In something like heart failure, the perfusion of coronary circulation is bad causing pain from tissues not being fed
Where do the vessels of coronary circulation go?
Around the heart and deep into the tissues as well
The coronary circulation has what two major branches?
Left Coronary Artery
Right Coronary Artery