Module 1 - Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
Incidence
rate of new cases
on the rise
conveys risk of contracting disease
Prevalence
proportion of actual cases
conveys how widespread disease is
Diabetes Insipidus versus Mellitus
Insipid is a disorder of ADH
Mellitus is a disorder of blood glucose regulation
Exocrine
releases through a duct
Endocrine
Secretion right into the blood stream
Is the pancrease endo or exocrine
Both
Pancreas
Large diffuse abdominal organ functioning as both an endocrine and exocrine gland
made up of acini and islets of langerhans (the two major tissue types)
Acini
Exocrine tissue of the pancreas that secretes into ducts
Releases digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and lipase as well as sodium bicarbonate
Islets of Langerhans
Endocrine tissue of the pancreas that secretes right into blood - key role in blood glucose levels
takes up 1-2% volume of the pancreas
Has alpha delta and beta cells releasing hormones that regulate glucose levels
Exocrine Pancreatic Function
Acini release digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate
Contents are released into the pancreatic duct
Exocrine function here plays an essential role in digestion and absorption of food in the smal;l intestine
Endocrine Pancreatic Function
Involves synthesis and release of hormones produced by specialized cells in the Islets of Langerhans
Key role in blood glucose levels
Different Cells in the Islets of Langerhans
Alpha
Beta
Delta
What do Beta cells and Amylin release?
Insulin
What do alpha cells release
glucagon
What do delta cells release
Somatostatin
Diabetes is not strictly involved with …
Insulin
Other hormones that keep glucose levels high
Catecholamines (EP qand NEP)
Growth Hormones
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol
Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin are what to one another? What do they work to do?
They are counter regulatory hormones and work to keep glucose levels lower/regulate glucose
What counteracts glucagon?
Insulin
Where are the Islets of Langerhans located?
Around the blood vessels surrounding the pancreas
The only hormone known to lower blood glucose ?
Insulin
What cell releases Insulin and what is Insulins action
Beta
Decrease blood glucose by allowing it to enter cells (changes cell membrane makeup to allow cell opening for glucose thus lowering blood glc levels)
What cell releases Glucagon and what is Glucagons action?
Alpha
Increased release of glucose from the liver into the blood to increase blood glc levels. Causes the release of stored glycogen specifically to turn into glucose for use
What cell releases Somatostatin and what is Somatostatins action?
Delta
Extends the use of absorbed nutrients for tissues by blocking increases in glc levels after we eat to allow a slower rise and better control over the glucose levels
Decreases GI activity after ingestion –> extends time over which food is absorbed –> inhibits insulin and glucagon –> extends use of absorbed nutrients by tissues