Module 9 Flashcards
Describe chlamydia
most infections are asympotomatic
abnormal vaginal discharge, dysuria, spotting, pelvic pain
can cause pelvic inflammatory disease - effect ability to get pregnant
can lead to early labour
perinatal transmission
causes newborn conjunctivity or pneumonia
treated with antibiotics
describe gonorrhea
transmitted as STI or perinatally
asymptomatic, abnormal discharge, dysuria, pelvic pain, spotting
can lead to early labour
chorioamnionitis, PROM
causes newborn conjunctivitis
treat with antibiotics
describe syphilis
transmitted as STI, in utero or perinatally
stage 1- sores where bacteria entered boidy
stage 2 - skin rashes/sores on body
latent - can be latent for years then cause daeth
may lead to miscarriage or premature birth
in utero infection can lead to fetal death or congenital abnormalities
treat with antibiotics
describe streptococcus species
gram+ in pairs/chains
catalase negative
subtyped based on ability to lyse RBC in blood agar
describe health effects of GABHS
group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus
impetigo
Scarlett fever
strep throat
acute glomerularnephritis
acute rheumatic fever
describe puerperal sepsis
causes by GABHS
infection of genital tract 24-48 hours after birth
2-3% of vaginal births
describe necrotizing faciitis
progressive GAVHS infection
spreads rapidly between fascia and fat
happens in surgical scars or point of detachment from umbilical cord
describe staphylococcus us epidermis
flora on skin/mucus membranes
can cause newborn sepsis
describe staphylococcus saprophyticus
can cause UTIs
describe staphylococcus aureus
Newborn –> scalded skin syndrome
C-section –> sepsis, bacteria enters scar (TSS), post surgical would infection, MRSA
describe E. Coli
facultative anaerobe in normal gut flora
adheres to jejunum and ileum through pili
synthesize enterotoxins that alter epithelial function –> cause diarrhea
EHEC causes blood diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever
common cause of UTIs during pregnancy
UTI can result in post-natal infection in newborn
describe clostridium
mostly anaerobic
very resistant to environmental conditions
produce exotoxins which cause tetanus, botulism, gas gangerne
found in soil and gut
describe colostridium difficile
most common nosocomial cause of diarrhea
presents as unexplained diarrhea after antibiotics
overgrows when on antibiotics
causes sever inflammation of colon
can damage gut
fatal in immunocomprimised
describe mycoplasma/ureaplasma infections
transmitted as STI, in utero or perinatally
similar to chlamydia
cause pelvic inflammatory disease, PP fever, PP endometriosis, chorioamnionitis
cause infant sepsis, pneumonia or CNS infection
treat with antibiotics
desribe listeria monocytogenes
mild flu like symptoms
contact with infected animal feces
eating unpasteruized milk/soft chess or dirty veggies
fetal infection can happen in utero –> causes death, septicaemia, pneumonia
newborn infection can cause meningitis
treat with antibiotics
describe trichomoniasis
foul smelling vaginal discharge
transmission as STI or perinatally
risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, 5% of cases infant will acquire intrapartum
treat with metronidazole
describe toxoplasmosis
fecal oocytes can survive for a long time
transmission from ingesting cysts/oocytes
in utero transmission
higher rate of infection in 3rd trimester
more severe infection in 1st trimester
can cause fetal death, convulsions, microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, hydrocephaly, eye infections
describe female UTIs
more common due to pelvic anatomy
sexual intercourse increases bladder inoculation
describe UTIs in pregnancy
most common infection in pregnancy
increased urethral dilation and reduced urine flow during 2nd/3rd trimester increase risk
describe the microbiome and pregnancy
maternal gut microbiota may affect the health of the offspring
increase of lactobacilli species in vaginal microbiota
