module 9-15 Flashcards
in a neuron the neural impulse travels from the —– to the —
dendrite, axon
What type of cells are found throughout the nervous system and provide support for neurons
Glial cells
A neural impulse traveling DOWN the axon
action potential
neurotransmitters affect the receiving neuron by entering ——– on the receiving neurons —–
receptor sites, dendrite
Which branch of the periphreal nervous system moves muscles
somatic
List 5 functions of the parasynthetic system:
slows heart beat, digestion, pupil contstriction, contracts bladder, lowers blood pressure, permits blood flow to genitles
What the sympathetic system responsible for?
Fight or flight, increase blood pressure, screte sweat from sweat glands, contract muscles, eyes dialate
two parts of somatic system:
sensory input; motor output (controls skeletal muscles)
What is the endrocine system made up of:
hypothalamas, pituitary gland, thyroid and adrenal gland, testies and ovaries, pancrease, parathyroid
The nervous system has what 2 parts?
Peripheral, central
The peripheral system is made up of what parts?
Automic, Somatic
The automic system is made up of what 2 parts:
Sympathetic, Parasympathetic
Glands and internal organs are directed by the —- branch of the peripheral system?
automic
What is the oldest part of the brain that is responsible for automatic survival functions?
Brainstem (medulla, reticular formation)
What regulates unconcious functions like heartbeat and breathing?
Medulla
Structure in limbic system that regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, fight or flight, sex
Hypothalamas
Where and what does the Wernikes area do?
left temporal lobe, language comprehension
The terminal branches of the axon reabsorbing neurotransmitter is
reuptake
What are the ions that flow in and out of the axon as the action potential moves down the axon?
Potassium and Sodium
Broca’s area produces speech by telling the —– —– to move the muscles involved w/ speaking
motor cortex
a major excitatory neruotransmitter involved in memory
Glutamate
——- neurons carry info from the senses to the brain; ——- neurons carry info from the brain to move muscles
sensory, motor
Curare causes paralysis by blocking receptor sites for
Ach
How is neuron firing similar to gun firing?
Its an all or none response; after firing must be reloaded before it can fire again
After a blow to the back of the head, Ray temporarily lost the ability to write with his right hand. What was damaged? and in what hemisphere?
Cerebellum, left
the limbic system consists of what 3 structures?
hippocampus, hypothalams, amyglada
What gland effects metabolism?
Thyroid gland
What gland releases epinephrine into the bloodstream during times of stress?
Adrenal gland
Which brain scan shows glucose metabolism over time?
PET scan; colorful, neon, different parts of brain light up
What is the left hemisphere of the brain responsible for?
Logical thinking and math calculation, sorting out parts, right visual field
What is the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for?
Facial recognition and 3D visulization, most emotion processing, left visual field
In order from biggest to smallest:
Gene, Dna molecule, chromosome
chromosome, DNA molecule, gene
Genes either regulate other genes or are a recipe for ——
Protiens
Consists of 3 billion pairs of nucleotides and around 22,000 genes
the human genome
—— affects how (specifically twins) turn out different from each other
prenatal nurture
The study of how the environment affects the activity of genes?
Epigenetics
Primary means by which NURTURE effects NATURE-
the enviorment YOU are in turns genes ON or OFF
part of the brainstem that regulates attention and alertness?
reticular formation
ACh is involved in?
muscle movement
What is the cerebellums function?
Balance + cordination
frontal lobe is involved in?
thinking, problem solving
function of motor cortex?
region of the frontal lobe that allows us to move
temporal lobe contains what cortex? processes what?
auditory cortex, processes hearing
Norepinephrine?
arousoul, alertness. low supply, depression
Whats the cerebral cortex?
folded outer skin of the brain, senses, thinking, memory
processes facts and expirences into long term memory
hippocampus
what does the spinal cord do?
the route for motor and sensory nerves to and from brain
where all sensory info execpt smell is routed to by brain
thalamas
dopamine
pleasure, learning, movement, attention
bundle of fibers that connects the left part of brain to right
corpus callosum
whats the function of the frontal lobe? what cortex is in it? what does this cortex do?
thinking, planning, problem solving, reasoning. Motor cortex- moves your muscles
What cortex is in pariteal lobe? whats this cortex do?
sensory cortex, feels your body/ skin/sense
What does the neruotransmitter Ach do?
plays a role in learning and memory. carries info from brain to spinal cord
Whats the meeting point between neurons?
Synapse
Axons are encased in —–, which is?
Myelin Sheath; layer of fatty tissue that insulates axons and and speeds their impulses
What enables nonverbal learning and skill memory?
Cerebellum
Interdisiplinary study of the brain activity linked without our mental process
cognitive neruoscience
Genes and expirences interact to form our uniquness
biological mechanism adaptation
Genes are self regulating; ——– studies how genes get turned on and off on the molecular level
epigenetics
What 3 things influence our individual developtment?
Biological, social-cultural, and pysological influences
