final exam (module 1, 2 and 3)

Question 1

nature is most important (mind born with ideas)+ mind body dualism- mind and body are separte

Answer 1

Rene Descartes, socrates, plato

Question 2

By seeking to measure “atoms of the mind” who established the first psychology lab?

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

who coined the term tabula rasa (blank slate) to help explain the impact expirence has on shaping an individual?

Answer 3

John Locke

Question 4

Philosphers that concluded that mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies, nature is the most important, mind-body dualism, mind and body are separate

Answer 4

Socrates, Plato, (Descartes)

Question 5

who? “There is nothing in the mind that is not first in the senes”

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

Empircism?

Answer 6

The idea that what we know comes from expirence, observation and experimenation enable scientific knowlage

Question 7

Structuralism?

Answer 7

figure out the structure of human experince/ mind (atoms of the mind; thoughts, images, emotions, memories), figure out laws of interaction, how these things are related. Wundt and Titchener

Question 8

Introspection?

Answer 8

Process of looking inward in attempt to directly observe ones own psychological process; unsuccessful, requiried smart, verbal people, varied from person to person. Titchener studied this

Question 9

functionalism?

Answer 9

promoted by william james influenced by charles darwin, explored how mental and behavior process function, how they enable an organism to adapt, flourish, surive (william james, emotions, memories, habits, willpower)

Question 10

Mary Calkins

Answer 10

Worked with james, first woman in psychology, denied her degree from harvard

Question 11

Behavoralism?

Answer 11

the veiw that psychology (1) should be an objective science that studies (2) behavior without reference to mental process. most psychologists agree w 1 not 2. John Watson, BF Skinner

Question 12

B.F. Skinner?

Answer 12

behavoiralist; rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior

Question 13

John Watson?

Answer 13

championed psychology as the scientific study of behavior, showed that fear could be learned

Question 14

Freud; Psychoanalytic psychology

Answer 14

unconcious mind and childhood expirences affect our behavior, unconcious sexual conflicts and the minds defense agaisnt its own wishes and impulses

Question 15

Humansitic Psychology

Answer 15

Carl Rodgers, Abraham Maslow; emphasized human growth potential

Question 16

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 16

study of mental processes (how we perceive, process, and remember info); occurs when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve probelms

Question 17

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 17

studies brain activity underlying mental activity; brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 18

Definiton of Psychology

Answer 18

the science of behavior and mental process. Behavior, anything the organism does, mental processes- the internal subjective expirences we infer from behavior (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, belief, ideas)

Question 19

Nature-nurture issue:

Answer 19

are human traits inherited or do they develop through experince? the relative contributions that genes and expeirnce make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 20

natural selection:

Answer 20

from among chance variations, nature selects tratis that best enable an organism to surive and reproduce in a particular enviornment, the ones that get the particular trait will be the most likely to succeed

Question 21

Evolutionary Psycology:

Answer 21

how are humans alike because of our common biology and evolutionary history? the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Question 22

behavior genetics:

Answer 22

how do humans individually differ because of our differing genes and enviroments? the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and enviromental influences on behavior

Question 23

culture:

Answer 23

shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes onto the next. our culture shapes our behavior

Question 24

positive psychology:

Answer 24

Martin Seligman; the scientific study of human flourshing, with the foals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive. happiness is by-product of a pleasant and meaningful life.

Question 25

biopsychosocial approach:

Answer 25

an integrated approach that incorperates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints, as a reason to why someone behaviors the way they do

Question 26

behavioral psychology:

Answer 26

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning (someone working from this persepctive might attempt to determine what triggers angry responses or aggressive acts)

Question 27

biological psychology:

Answer 27

the scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes. (someone working on this perspective would study what brain circuits that cause us to be red in the face when we are embarassed)

Question 28

Psychodynamic perspective:

Answer 28

evolved from freuds perspective, studies how unconcious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psyhological disorders (someone from this perspective mgith veiw on outburst as on outlet for unconcious hostility)

Question 29

social cultural:

Answer 29

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking (someone from this persepctive might explore how expressions of anger vary across cultural contexts)

Question 30

testing effect:

Answer 30

enchanced memory after retriving, rather than simply rereading information

Question 31

SQ3R testing method:

Answer 31

method incorperates these steps: survey, question, read, retreive, reveiw

Question 32

Psychometrics:

Answer 32

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilites, attitudes, and traits

Question 33

basic research:

Answer 33

psychologists conduct basic reasearch, that builds psychologies knowledge base. pure science that aims to increase the scienfitic knowledge base

Question 34

developmental psychology:

Answer 34

studies our changing abilites from womb to tomb; studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 35

educational psych:

Answer 35

study influences on teaching and learning; study of how the psycholgoical processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Question 36

social psych:

Answer 36

explore how we veiw and effect one another; study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 37

applied research:

Answer 37

scientific study that aims to solve pratical problems, different psychologists use this to figure out their problems

Question 38

(I/O) industial-organizational psych:

Answer 38

use psychologies concepts and methods in the workplace to help companies select and train employees, boost moral, productivity, and implement systems (optimizing human behavior in the workplace)

Question 39

human factors psych:

Answer 39

related subfeild of I/O, focus on the interaction of people, machines, and phsyical envoirments, how physical enviorments can be made safe and easy

Question 40

counseling psych:

Answer 40

help people cope with challenges and crises , assitst people with problems in living (related to school, work, or marriage)

Question 41

clinical psych:

Answer 41

asses and treat people with mental, emotional, and behvior disorders (aka psycholigcal disorders)

Question 42

psychiatry:

Answer 42

branch of medicen dealing with psychological disorders, are medical doctors who perscribe drugs and treat physical causes of psycholgical disorders

Question 43

community psych:

Answer 43

studies how people interact with their social enviorments and how social institustions affect indiviuals and groups, works to create social and phycial enviroments healthy to all in a community