Module 9 Flashcards
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
In RNA there is ribose sugar, it is SINGLE stranded, and there is URACIL not Thymine. (U replaces T).
Define codon.
Sequence of 3 mRNA bases.
What is the BIG IDEA of central dogma?
DNA»(codes for)RNA»protein»trait
Define ribosome.
Site of protein synthesis.
Define tRNA
RNA that brings an amino acid (building blocks of proteins) to a ribosome (t=transfer).
Define anticodon.
Sequence of 3 tRNA bases that is complementary to a mRNA codon.
What is RNA transLATION?
RNA»protein. Occurs in the ribosomes. Ribosomes assemble and mRNA is read 3 letters at a time, tRNA brings their amino acids to the ribosomes, the amino acid train is made until a STOP codon. This chain is the basic structure for a protein.
What is DNA TransCRIPTION?
DNA»RNA. Occurs in the nucleus. RNA polymerase is the main enzyme. Gene(s) are transcribed into complementary mRNA. DNA “unzips” a single strand is used to make complementary mRNA, DNA then “rezips” after the mRNA leaves.
Define mRNA.
Messenger RNA.
What is mutation?
Change in DNA sequence. Error during DNA replication.
What are the THREE ways mutation could happen?
Substitutions, insertions, deletions.
What are frameshift mutations?
An insertion or deletion that changes the three-letter grouping.
What are antibodies?
Proteins produced in response to exposure to a foreign virus or bacteria. (Vaccines exist for viral and bacterial illnesses.)
