Module 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is Evolution?

A

A change in allele frequency (or genetic makeup) of a population over time. (Populations are the units of evolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Process through which living organisms adapt and change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the recipe for natural selection?

A
  1. Variation
  2. Heritability (the variation is heritable)
  3. Reproductive advantage (the variation influences the reproductive success of individuals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

Selection of a trait that increases an individual’s chance of mating even if that trait decreases the individual’s chance of survival.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is evolutionary fitness?

A

How well a species is able to survive and reproduce in it’s environment. Survival of the “fit enough”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are sources for genetic variation?

A
  1. Independent assortment during meiosis.
  2. Crossing over.
  3. Random fertilization.
    (Random mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mutations are ______; Natural selection is ___.

A

Random; not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is divergent evolution? (Pattern of evolution)

A

Evolution in different directions from a common point; homologous structures indicate relatedness. Ex. Vertebrate forelimbs, reproductive structures in flowers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is convergent evolution? (Pattern of evolution)

A

Similar structures arise due to similar selective pressures; analogous structures do NOT indicate the trait originated in common ancestor. Ex. Shark and dolphin body forms / bat and bird wings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the evolutionary forces?

A
  1. Mutation
  2. Natural selection
  3. Genetic drift
    - bottleneck effect
    -founder effect
  4. Gene flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the biological species concept?

A

Defines a species as individuals capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is genetic divergence?

A

The accumulation of genetic differences between two populations; requires reproductive isolation—could be prezygotic or postzygotic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is speciation?

A

Formation of new species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is allopatric speciation?

A

Occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sympatric speciation?

A

Splitting of species without geographical isolation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly