Module 6 Flashcards
Define homologous chromosomes.
Pair of similar chromosomes, one is maternal in origin and the other is paternal.
What is a somatic cell?
A body cell; a non-sex cell.
What is a gamete?
Sex cells; sperm/egg
Define autosomes.
22 pairs. Do NOT determine biological sex. Named with NUMBERS (1-22).
Explain sex chromosomes.
ONE pair. DO determine biological sex. Named with LETTERS (X or Y).
What is meiosis?
Cell division resulting in haploid gametes. (In individual females and males)
What is fertilization?
Union of haploid sperm and haploid egg.
What is a zygote?
Diploid cell resulting from fertilization.
What happens in Meiosis 1?
Crossing over occurs (P1), homologous pairs separate, and results in TWO haploid cells.
What happens in meiosis 2 (PMAT II)?
This resembles mitosis. Sister chromatids separate, results in FOUR haploid cells.
What is nondisjunction?
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly.
What is aneuploidy?
Abnormal # of chromosomes either autosomes or sex chromosomes.
