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nutrition 120 > module 8 water soluble vitamins > Flashcards

module 8 water soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of water-soluble vitamins

A

b complex
niacin

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2
Q

what are characteristics of vitamins

A

work as coenzyme
non toxic
not stored (except B12 in liver)
excess excreted in urine

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3
Q

what is the function of thiamin

A

required as a coenzyme involved in energy production

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4
Q

what is the RDA value for thiamin

A

very small
1.1/1.2 mg/day

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5
Q

what is the thiamin deficiency called

A

beriberi

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6
Q

what are symptoms of beriberi

A

muscle weakness
neurological changes
thingling, numbness
depression

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7
Q

what does beriberi look like in the western world

A

alcoholism
1. B1 is needed as a coenzyme for enzyme involved in alcohol breakdown
2. lower absorption of B1
3. tend to have poor diet

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8
Q

what is the function of riboflavin (B2)

A

part of 2 coenzymes: FAD, FMN
involved with glucose and FA making energy (Kcal)

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9
Q

what is riboflavin deficiency

A

riboflavnosis/angular stomatis
cracking at corners of the mouth

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10
Q

what is the RDA value for riboflavin

A

1.1/1.3 mg/day

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11
Q

what is the function of niacin (nicotinic acid)

A

part of 2 coenzymes: NAD and NADP

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12
Q

what is a food source of niacin

A

corn

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13
Q

what is the niacin deficiency called

A

pellagra

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14
Q

what does pellagra do

A

weakness
dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia

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15
Q

what is 1 niacin equivelent (NE)

A

1mg niacin
= 60mg tryptophan

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16
Q

what are different forms or vitamins of B6

A

pyridoxine
pyridoxal
pyridoxamine

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17
Q

what are the B6 vitamins covered to

A

PLP
pyridoxal phosphate

18
Q

what does PLP do

A

coenzyme in reactions of protein and amino acid metabolism
formation of heme ring

19
Q

what can the conversion of tryptophan with the enzyme B6 attached turn into

A

niacin
serotonin

20
Q

what does estrogen do

A

increase activity of enzyme that converts tryptophan -> niacin

21
Q

what are symptoms of B6 deficiency

A

abnormalities in protein and AA metabolism
re: heme ring

22
Q

what are the B6 deficiencies

A

microcytic
hypo chronic
anemia
(pale tiny RBC)

23
Q

what is the RDA value for vitamin C

A

75/90 mg/day

24
Q

what is the key function of vitamin C

A

reducing agent (donate e)

25
Q

what is vitamin C needed for

A
  1. antioxidant
  2. steroid hormone synthesis
  3. reduce formation of potential carcinogens
  4. required for building and maintenance of collagen
  5. drug metabolism
  6. enhance absorption of Fe and Ca
26
Q

how much vitamin c if were stressed

A

higher glucocorticoids synthesize and excretion

27
Q

how much vitamin c if taking an oral contraceptive

A

uses lower absorption of vitamin C

28
Q

how much vitamin c for smokers

A

25% lower vitamin C levels

29
Q

what are characteristics of scurvy

A

weakens collagen throughout the body
reopening of previously closed wounds
depression

30
Q

what is the UL for ascorbic acid

A

2000 mg/day

31
Q

what is ascorbic acid toxicity

A

osmotic diarrhea
Fenton reaction

32
Q

what is the function of Cobalamin (vit B12)

A

as a coenzyme in reactions that transfer methyl groups from a biomolecule to another

33
Q

what are foods rich in B12

A

only in foods of animal origin

34
Q

t or f B12 is stored well in the liver

A

true

35
Q

what are signs of B12 deficiency

A

neurological disorder (needed to maintain myelin sheath)
megaloblastic anemia

36
Q

what is pernicious anemia

A

not a B12 deficiency
looks clinically like megaloblastic anemia
lacking intrinsic factor

37
Q

what is the RDA value for folic acid (folate)

A

400 mcg/day

38
Q

where is folate found in foods

A

green leafy vegetables

39
Q

what are folate and neural tube defects (NTDS)

A

neural tube closure in 1st two weeks post-conception

40
Q

what is the UL value for folate

A

1000

nutrition 120 (9 decks)

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