module 4 carbohydrates Flashcards
what is a carbohydrate
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
all CHO are made up of sugars called monosaccharides
examples of CHO
glucose, galactose, fructose
what are oligosaccharides
3-10 sugar units (prebiotics)
what are polysaccharides
hundreds of sugar units in length
what is an example of complex CHO
starch
what are molecules of glucose
glycogen and starch
what does the liver store
glycogen
T or F starch is found in plants
True
what is the DRI value of calories for CHO
45-65%
what is the DRI value of fibre
14g/1000Kcal
T or F CHO is the largest component of the diet
True
digestion of CHO: mouth
starch goes through salivary amylase to maltose
digestion of CHO: stomach
HCL denatures/inactivate salivary amylase (protein)
digestion of CHO: small intestine
the digestion and absorption
in the liver, what do fructose and galactose make
glucose
what is glucose used for
energy (Kcal)
liver glycogen
make non essential amino acids
covert to fat - VLDL
enter bloodstream
what happens when glucose is released into the bloodstream
it will be used as fuel by all body cells
what are the only things that use glucose
brain
CNS
RBC
where is glucose found in foods
some fruits
what happens when glucose is released from liver?
rise in high blood glucose (sends a signal that activates within the pancreas to release insulin)
what are the effects of insulin
- uptake of glucose by all body cells
- stimulate glycogen synthesis
- return your blood glucose levels to your normal levels
what happens when blood glucose begins to fall
- hunger pangs, pancreas is going to reduce insulin and increase glucagon
- mobilize: glycogen to releases free glucose into the blood
- results: blood glucose rise
who is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes
family history
overweight
high blood pressure
45 years +
what is type 1 diabetes mellitus
inability of pancreas to make insulin, genetic predisposition. Must take insulin
