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SNUG106 NURSING CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE > Module 8 - Quality of Life for Older People > Flashcards

Module 8 - Quality of Life for Older People Flashcards

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1
Q

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as:

A

“A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being not merely the absence of disease . . .”.

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2
Q

The WHO describes the following facets that contribute to a older person’s quality of life:

A
  • Sensory abilities
  • Autonomy
  • Past, present and future activites
  • Participation
  • Death and Dying
  • Intimacy
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3
Q

What does BRAVE stand for when assessing spiritual needs?

A

Build trust; be prepared to spend time talking about things meaningful to the person and engaging them with effective communication strategies

Respect, respond and react appropriately to spiritual and religious needs of the person

Actively listen to the person; Ask appropriate questions to deepen understanding and determine how you can meet their needs

Value and validate the individuality of the person. Ensure privacy, time and the environment are facilitating the person’s needs

Empower and encourage the person to be involved in their care planning, evaluating the effectiveness of the plan

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4
Q

What is palliative care?

A

Palliative care is person and family-centred care provided for a person with an active, progressive, advanced disease, who has little or no prospect of cure and who is expected to die, and for whom the primary goal is to optimise the quality of life.

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5
Q

What services does pallative care include?

A
  • Relief of pain and other symptoms e.g. vomiting, shortness of breath
  • Resources such as equipment needed to aid care at home
  • Assistance for families to come together to talk about sensitive issues
  • Links to other services such as home help and financial support
  • Support for people to meet cultural obligations
  • Support for emotional, social and spiritual concerns
  • Counselling and grief support
  • Referrals to respite care services
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6
Q

What are the 3 steps to relieving pain?

A
  • Sharing information.
  • Choosing the right medicines.
  • Using medicines appropriately.
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7
Q

Does everyone with a terminal illness experience pain?

A

NO

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8
Q

What are some side effect of opioid medications?

A
  • Constipation
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Drowsiness and confusion
  • Dry Mouth
  • Itchy Skin
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9
Q

What is grief?

A
  • Grief is how we respond when we experience loss.
  • Grief is a normal, natural and inevitable response to loss.
  • it can affect every part of our lives.
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10
Q

What happens to my Facebook page when I die?

A

Facebook has a option where your page can become ‘memorialised’. This means that privacy settings remain the same and friends can still post on the page and tag the deceased person in photos. Once a page is memorialised, it can no longer be changed back to a regular Facebook account. The page cannot be accessed by anyone, including family (unless you appoint a legacy contact).

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11
Q

What is Deadsocial?

A

DeadSocial is a website that controls your accounts and can even make posts for you or send emails from your accounts after your death.

They help you “Prepare for a digital Death and build your Digital Legacy”. DeadSocial is “the free social media tool that allows us to create scheduled messages. These are only distributed across our social networks after we die.

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12
Q

What is pain?

A

Pain is unpleasant sensation, suffering or distress of the body or mind. Pain hurts and it wears you down. lt can make it hard for you to be active and make you feel tired and tense. Pain often accompanies cancer and other progressive diseases and it can affect all aspects of your life- psychological, emotional and spiritual.

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13
Q

What changes will you notice when someone is close to dying?

A
  • Appetite and thirst may decrease.
  • No desire to eat or drink.
  • Sleep and Alertness:The person can spend a lot of time sleeping, be drowsy and difficult to wake.
  • Temperature - May be hot or cold.
  • Incontinence - Urine may become stronger and darker. Some people do not lose continence.
  • Secretions - saliva and mucus may collect in the back of the throat causing gurgling, bubbling or other noises.
  • Breathing patterns may change.
  • Restlessness.
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14
Q

What influences a persons pain?

A
  • Expectations
  • Culture
  • Mood
  • Social Support
  • Environment
  • Fear
  • Past medical history.
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15
Q

What pain scale is used to measure pain of people living with dementia?

A

Abbey Pain Scale

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16
Q

The Abbey Pain Scale measures what behaviors and physiological changes?

A
  • Vocalisation eg, whimpering, groaning, crying
  • Facial expression, e.g. looking tense, frowning, grimacing
  • Change in body language, e.g. fidgeting, rocking, guarding part of body, with­drawn
  • Behavioural change, e.g. increased con­fusion, refusing to eat, alteration in usual patterns
  • Physiological change, e.g. temperature, pulse or blood pressure outside normal limits, perspiring, flushing or pallor
  • Physical change, e.g. skin tears, pressure areas, arthritis, contractures, previous injuries.
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17
Q

The Senses.

What happens to sight when we age?

A
  • The pupil becomes less responsive to changes in light.
  • Difficult to see in the dark.
  • The lens of the eye thickens and yellows over time.
  • Loss is visual acuity.
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18
Q

What eye disease are we more susceptible to when we are older?

A
  • Cataracts,
  • Diabetic retinopathy,
  • Glaucoma
  • Macular degeneration
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19
Q

The Senses.

What happens to our sense of smell when we age?

A

Ability to detect and identify smells diminishes. This is as a result of the atrophy of the olfactory bulb (responsible for smell perception) at the base of the brain.

20
Q

The Senses.

What happens to hearing when we age?

A
  • There is gradual hearing loss (presbycusis).
  • The eardrum thickens and there is changes to structure and nerves in the inner ear.
21
Q

The Senses.

What happens to our sense of touch when we get older?

A

As we age, our sense of touch can decline as a result of the changes in the integumentary system (skin) and reduced blood circulation, nerve conduction and neuron changes.

We can become less sensitive to temperature, pain and touch.

22
Q

The Senses.

Taste: What happens when we get older?

A
  • The intensity of taste and the ability to identify different tastes can diminish.
  • There is a decrease in the number of taste buds on the tongue.
23
Q

Older adults tend to maintain the ability to taste what type of foods?

A

Sweet.

24
Q

Older adults have difficulty tasting what type of foods?

A
  • Sour
  • Salty
  • Bitter
25
Q

How can nurses promote health and maintain the function of the Sensory System?

A
  • Encouragement to reduce or quit smoking
  • Review medications (some medications produce metallic tastes in the mouth or can decrease sense of smell)
  • Screen regularly for hearing loss and visual acuity
  • Encouragement to wear sensory aids to facilitate communication (some people associate a stigma with wearing glasses or hearing aids)
26
Q

What is the term that describes “a progressive loss of hearing”?

A

Presbycusis

27
Q

What are some barriers that nurse face when discussing sexuality with older adults?

A
  • Lack of confidence is broaching the subject
  • Limited understanding and communication skills
  • Interruptions
  • Limited ability to have a private conversation.
  • Negative attitudes
  • Sexual health not seen as a priority
  • Assumptions that older people are asexual.
  • Assumption that older people are not at risk of STIs.
28
Q

What tool can residential aged care facilities use to assess sexuality of its residents?

A

SEXUALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL (SexAT)

This tool has been developed to help residential aged care facilities support the expression of sexuality of residents, both with and without dementia.

29
Q

How does sexuality change for males when they are older?

A
  • Production of testosterone and sperm remain constant.
  • Erections may not be as firm
  • Ejaculation may take longer.
  • Libido may reduce but will not disappear.
30
Q

How does sexuality change for females when they are older?

A
  • Diminished secretion of ovarian hormones.
  • Ovaries and uterus shrink in size.
  • Breast tissues atrophies
  • Lubrication of the vagina decreases.
  • Clitoris is not as protected.
31
Q

What are some difficulties experienced by older people which can limit sexual function?

A
  • Erectile dysfunction (and sometimes there is an associated belief that condoms worsen the problem)
  • Vaginal dryness following menopause, which can cause painful intercourse.
  • Prostate enlargement
  • Comorbidities, such as bladder weakness and pain which may limit sexual activity.
  • Psychological concerns; embarrassment about ageing body, difficulty initiating sex, stigma/taboo associated with sexuality and older people.
32
Q

How can nurses promote the health and maintaining the function of the Genital System?

A
  • Education in the use of lubricating gels for intercourse for women
  • Creating a safe space to facilitate a conversation with an older person about sex and expression of sexuality
  • Don’t assume all older people are heterosexual
  • If an older person expresses they have a loss of libido, this is something that should be taken as seriously as it is in younger people.
33
Q

What apps are most popular with people over 75?

A

Weather Apps

34
Q

What is the most popular app for people between 50-64?

A

Facebook

35
Q

What app is most popular with adults around 65-74 years?

A

Google.

36
Q

_______________ is widely embraced by Australia’s 50+ population. It is significantly improving their lives.

A

Technology

37
Q

A decrease in the sense of taste leads to:

A
  • Reduced enjoyment of food.
  • Reduced nutritional intake.
  • Saliva production is decreased which leads to dry mouth,soreness and choking.
38
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth.

39
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

40
Q

What validated tool would you use to assess nutrition in older people?

A

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

41
Q

Who would you refer an older person to in regards to nutrition and hydration?

A

Dietitian - They can recommend targeted food and develop a meal plan.

Speech pathologist - They can help with swallowing difficulties.

42
Q

What can nurses do to promote nutrition and hydration?

A
  • Record food and fluid intake
  • Be aware of the dietary preferences of the older person (vegetarian, vegan, gluten free, halal, etc)
  • Ensure access to preferred food and fluids
  • Expose persons to smells of food cooking to stimulate appetite.
  • Education and promote the oral health and cleanliness of the mouth
43
Q

What are the factors affecting sleep in a healthcare setting?

A
  • Worry and stress over current condition, potential diagnosis or upcoming procedure
  • Pain (sleep and pain are interrelated and can have a huge effect on each other)
  • Noise from surrounding environment (call bells, other people receiving care, intravenous pumps, staff members)
  • Medication administration (may be given medications when asleep and is disturbed)
  • Regular taking of vital observations (monitoring a person’s vital signs every four hours will keep them regularly disturbed overnight)
  • Lighting; fluorescent lighting in hospitals can be irritating, lights may not be turned off at times of rest
44
Q

What is sleep hygiene?

A

Good sleep habits.

45
Q

What are types of good sleep habits?

A
  1. Go to bed at the same time each day
  2. Sleep when sleepy.
  3. Get up and Try again. If you haven’t fallen asleep in 20 minutes. Get up and do something boring and calming.
  4. Avoid caffeine and nicotine.
  5. Avoid alcohol.
  6. Bed is only for sleeping and sex.
  7. No naps
  8. Exercise.
  9. Eat right.
46
Q

What can nurses do to promote sleep?

A
  • Ensure comfort of the person; check temperature, lighting and noise levels
  • Encouraging physical activity during the day can promote sleep at night
  • Education about appropriate sleep hygiene practices

SNUG106 NURSING CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE (10 decks)

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