Module 8: Immunology

Question 1

what is a pathogen

Answer 1

• specific species or strains or microorganisms that have evolved mechanisms to get past our surface defences and invade underlying tissues and cause disease states.

Question 2

what is immunity

Answer 2

• property of being resistant to an infection or disease

Question 3

what are the aspects on immunology

Answer 3

• set of defences that are ready to go and able to express their maximum protective effectiveness every time they are called to defend the body = innate resistance
• second set is adaptive immune response - a very weak response, it becomes very specific and amplifies coordinated reponses geared to whatever foreign agent has triggered it = antigen

Question 4

what is a hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 4

• derived from bone marrow and differentiates into either a common lymphoid progenitor = innate and adaptive immune response
• or a common myrloid progenitor that differentiates into cells of immune system as well as red blood cells and platelets

Question 5

what are leukocytes

Answer 5

• white bloods cells
• reponses to invaders

Question 7

what is phagocytosis

Answer 7

• neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells
• many of the innate immune cells destroy invading organisms

Question 8

MAMPS

Answer 8

• microbe-associated molecular patterns
• recognize what to engulf and destroy is controlled by detection of foreign molecules by receptor molecules on these immune cells that evolution has selected for their ability to bind to specific foreigh molecule

Question 9

what is a PRR

Answer 9

• pattern recognition receptor
• these will recognize the MAMPs of various invaders =; different families of these receptors detect extracellular signals and other detect intracellular signals