Module 3: Bacterial and archaeal growth and control of microoganisms Flashcards
1
Q
what is binary fission
A
- almost all bacterial and archaeal cells reproduce soley on binary fission
- dividing into two simple daughters
2
Q
what are the steps in binary fission
A
- cell at early phase of cycle
- a cell prepares for division by enlarging its cell wall, plasma membrane and overall volume DNA replication starts
- the septum begins to grow inward as the chromosome move towards opposite ends of the cell
- the septum is synthesized completely through the cell center creating two chambers
- daughter cells are divided
3
Q
what is another way bacteria species divid
A
- budding = bud of a large parent cell
4
Q
what is a cell cycle
A
- sequence of events between birth of a new cell through its growth and division
5
Q
what are the three phases of bacterial cell cycle
A
- a period of growth after a cell is born
- chromosome replication and partitioning
- cytokinesis, septum and daughter cells are formed
6
Q
what kind of cell cycle does an archaeal cell have
A
- ## stage like eukaryotic cells that has G1 S G2 and segrigation phases
7
Q
what is a PBP
A
pencicillin binding proteins = targets of the penicillin family and clogg up activation sites
- function is to cut intra strand bonds that join strands of peptidoglycan and allow for insertion of new material
8
Q
what is cell lysis
A
- new strands are added but not cross linked together, resulting in loss of walls integritiy
9
Q
what is a microbial growth curve
A
- prepare liquid media and incubate until they consume useable nutrients and waste accumulate
- they can plot the gorwth of the population of bacteria vs time of incubation in a linear funtion
10
Q
what are the 5 phases in the microbiotic curve
A
- lag phase = initial period of adding the cells into the frsh medium to the exponential phase
- exponential phase = binary fission phase
- stationary phase = cell numbers quit increasing/ they try to adapt to their new environment
- death phase without added nutrients - significant death occurs in the population
- long term stationary phase = new variants arriving in the population
11
Q
what are the 6 environmental variables
A
- water
- ph
- temperature
- oxygen concentrate
- pressure
- radiation
12
Q
what is a halophile
A
- salt loving organism
- they create compatible solutes within their cytoplasm that do not adversely effect functions of their enzymes but create flow of water into the cell
13
Q
what is a acidophile
A
ph between 0-5.5
14
Q
what is neutrophile
A
5.5-8
15
Q
what is a alkalophile
A
8-11.5
