Module 4: Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
what is metabolism
A
harvesting, capturing, storing and use of energy for growth
2
Q
what is a redox reaction
A
- oxidation-reduction reaction
- 2 half reactions = electron donor half = oxidized and elextron receptor half = reduced
3
Q
what are the ways in which gene products (proteins) can be regulated on a number of levels
A
- transcriptional = primary control mechanims that turns off or turns on a gene expression
- translational = once mRNA is transcribed calls can also regulate how efficiently the message is transformed into a protein
post-translational = once a protein is created it can be regulated a number of ways
4
Q
what are the different ways a protein is regulated in post translational regulation
A
- bound to innnactive protein
- localize to special location
- degraded
- activity modified by a covalent or non-covalent modification
5
Q
what is allosteric regulation
A
- allosteric site has an affinity for regulating molecules
- without it the molecules could bind to the site and cause enzyme to undergo comformational change
6
Q
what is covalent modification
A
- addition or removal of a particular chemical group, typically phosphoryl methly or adenylyl
7
Q
what is a phototroph
A
- gains energy from light
- cyanobacteria/ algae
8
Q
what is a chemotroph
A
-energy from the oxidation of chemical compounds
9
Q
what is a lithotroph
A
- rock eaters
- given to organisms that can obtain electrons from inorganic sources
10
Q
what is a organotroph
A
- organism that obtains energy from organic chemicals
11
Q
what is heterotrophs
A
- harvest organic from their environments
12
Q
what is autotrophs
A
- fix carbon dioxide by reducing it into organic forms of carbon
13
Q
what is anabolism
A
- refers to that part of metabolism dealing with the use of energy in biosynthesis
- joining together of building blocks to generate macromolecules of the cells
