Module 8: DISEASE AND HEALTH CARE OF RUMINANT ANIMALS Flashcards
program for sheep and goats involves prevention, rather than treatment of diseases and parasites
good health program
vital signs in an animal that help in the early detection lf health problems
temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate
vary with activity and environmental conditions
vital signs
normal vital signs sheep
temperature: 100.9°F to 103.8°F
average: 102.3°F
normal vital signs in goats
temperature: 101.7°F to 105.3°F
average: 103.8°F
pulse rate (sheep and goats, normal range)
70 to 80 heartbeats per minute
respiration rate (sheep and goats, normal range)
12 to 20 breaths per minute
it is taken in the rectum using either a mercury thermometer or a battery powered digital thermometer
body temperature
it is taken by finding the artery that runs down inside of the hind leg
pulse rate
determined by observing the number of times the animal breathes per minute.
respiration rate
program for prevention of health problems includes the ff. steps;
- watch the animals closely for signs of illness
- use the best feeding and management practices
- Handle animals with care
- follow strict sanitation practices
- treat all wounds with disinfectants
- select only healthy animals for breeding purposes
- isolate and watch newly purchased animals for atleast 30 days
- prevent fenceline
- control traffic of trucks, equipment, and people into areas where animals are kept.
- isolate sick animals for treatment
- prevent diseases by vaccinating
- control parasites with sprays, dips, dusts, drenches
- rotate pasture to prevent parasite buildups
- cooperate with a local veterinarian in the prevention and treatment of diseases and parasites
is a disease pf sheep that is cause by a virus. it is spread from sheep to sheep by a small gnat, a tiny biting midge
blue tongue (sore muzzle)
is a disease caused by a bacterium. it affects both sheep and goats, with lambs and kids being most often affected.
enterotoxemia
enterotoxemia can be controlled through?
- good management
- proper feeding
- vaccination
if enterotoxemia occurs in feeder lambs, increase the amount of roughage in the ration and raise the level of?
chlortetracycline
is a disease that affects the soft tissue of the foot. it may occur in connection with foot rot, when are in wet or muddy conditions
foot abscess
usually affects sheep during the periods of extremely wet weather. it is not believed to caused by either the same bacteria or a different strain of the same bacteria that cause foot rot
foot scald
nonirritating and may be used more often than copper solutions
zinc sulfate solutions
affects sheep and is caused by bacteria. it affects mainly lambs 1 to 5 days of age.
lamb dysentery
symptoms of lamb dysentery
loss of appetite, depression, diarrhea, and sudden death
dysentery can be prevented by following
strict sanitation and lambing in clean, dry housing, and on clean pasture
which affects both sheep and goats, is caused by bacteria or by injury to the udder.
mastitis
affects sheep and goats and is caused by a bacterial infection of the navel
navel III
is an inflammation of the lungs that affects both sheep and goats. exposure to cold, damp, draft conditions
pneumonia
is a disease that affects the central nervous system of sheep and goats
scrapie
one of a class of brain disease called
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
affects sheep and goats ans id caused by a virus. more common in younger animals. symptoms include, blisters on mouth, lips and nose of the animals
sore mouth
affects sheep and goats and is caused by bacteria. symptoms include, stiffness, walking with a straddling gait, inability to eat, and rigid jaw and tail
tetanus
affects sheep and is caused by bacteria. main symptom is abortion.
vibriosis
which are nutritional problems that may affect sheep or goats as well as cattle.
bloat and white muscle disease
occurs when the rumen becomes filled with dry or indigestible feed.
impaction
a disease caused by a lack of calcium in the blood, occurs in both sheep and goats
milk fever
affects both sheep and goats. caused by a lack of vitamin A in the diet. symptoms include the inability to see at night, soreness of the eyes, loss appetite, weakness, nervousness, and convulsions
night blindness
affects sheep, especially those carrying twons or triplets. metabolic disorder that usually occurs during the last 6 weeks of gestation
pregnancy toxemia
attack sheep and or goats. causes looses in the production of wool, mohair, meat and milk
external parasites
are tiny insects that live on animals. some are blood sucking, others are biting or chewing.
lice
sometimes called a sheep tick. wingless fly that is about ¼ inch (0.6cm) long and has six legs.
sheep ked
infected animals shake their heads, sneeze, have difficulty breathing, and may hold their noses to teb ground
sheep bot fly
they burrow into the skin causing irritation
mange and scab mites
most serious health problem of sheep and goats. economic loss results from loss in weight, lower milk production, poor wool growth, wated feed, and lower breeding efficiency
internal parasite
is the key of controlling losses from internal parasites.
good management
two factors that contribute to problems with internal parasites
overgrazing pasture and fail to rotate pasture
chemical compounds used for deworming animals.
anthelmintics
worms found in the stomach and intestines of sheep and goats include;
- common stomach worm
- medium stomach work
- bankrupt worm
- thread-necked strongyle
- nodular worm
- hookworm
- tapeworm
common stomach worm and medium worm are?
bloodsuckers
two species of lungworms infest sheep and goats:
thread lungworm and hair lungworm
lives in the liver of the infested sheep or goat. causes bleeding in the liver.
liver fluke
caused by the small protozoa called coccidia. lives in the intestine of the sheep or goat. cause the cell wall rupture, and the animal bleeds internally.
coccidiosis
due to presence of larger numbers of gastrointestinal nematodes, is commonly encountered in cattle in many countries where cattle are grazed outdoors
parasitic gastroenteritis
caused by the lumgworm Dictyocaulus viviparus
parasitic bronchitis
is caused by the trematode parasite fasciola hepatica; other species may also be involved.
fascioliasis
common in young calves, and is characterised by anorexia and diarrhea, often intermittent, which may result in poor growthrates.
cryptosporidiosis
may feed on blood, sweat, skin secretions, tears, saliva, urine or feces of cattle. to which they are attacked.
flies
are associated with a chronic dermatitis, and in small enougj numbers are well tolerated
louse infestations
have been implicated in the transmission of disease
blood-sucking lice
infestation with mites can result in severe dermatitis known as?
mange
the control options available for each type of parasite are generalizedand will
parasite control strategies
in which calves were dosed and then moved to safe pasture mid season, is now generally considered to be highly selective for anthelmintic resistance
dose and move strategy
