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Ruminant Production and Herd Health Management > Module 6- FEEDING PRINCIPLES IN RUMINANT ANIMALS > Flashcards

Module 6- FEEDING PRINCIPLES IN RUMINANT ANIMALS Flashcards

1
Q

how feed is broken down into its component parts in a laboratory procedure

A

proximate analysis

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2
Q

causes great variation in their nutritive value; this is especially true of farm of feedlot rations where high-moisture silage is often fed.

A

water content of feeds

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3
Q

also influences cattle performance under range conditions when cattle are turned onto spring grass.

A

water content

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4
Q

consist of inorganic and organic materials.

A

total dissolved solids (TDS)

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5
Q

supply most of cattle’s energy needs and make up 65 to 75 percent of the dryweight of grains, forages and roughage.

A

carbohydrates

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6
Q

two commonly used substances detected in typical feed analysis to evaluate carbohydrate content of feed are;

A

crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract

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7
Q

are complex compounds composed of various amino acids.

A

protein

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8
Q

amino acids contain

A

16% nitrogen in addition to CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

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9
Q

is an excellent protein source when with grains, such as CORN, SORGHUM, BARLEY or OATS.

A

high quality alfalfa hay

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10
Q

broken down and used as an energy source.

A

excess dietary protein

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11
Q

are frequently placed in protein supplements fed to ruminants to reduce the cost of supplementation.

A

urea and ammonia

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12
Q

critical for skeletal development, digestion, metabolic processes, reproduction, growth, and lactation

A

minerals

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13
Q

are the most important minerals animals require on a daily basis.

A

calcium and phosphorus

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14
Q

bitter and unpalatable when fed by itself

A

phosphorus

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15
Q

help animals digest and absorb nutrients

A

vitamins

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16
Q

commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

A

vitamin A

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17
Q

commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

A

vitamin A

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18
Q

commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

A

vitamin A

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19
Q

single largest cost associated with raising small ruminants.

A

feed

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20
Q

exerts a very large imfluence on reproduction, milk production, and lamb and kid growth

A

nutrition

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21
Q

most critical periods for ewe and doe nutrition, with lactation placing the highest nutritional demands on ewes/does

A

late-gestatiom and lactation

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22
Q

usually the most limiting nutrient

A

energy

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23
Q

necessary to maintain a healthy rumen environment and prevent digestive upsets

A

fiber (bulk)

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24
Q

the cheapest feed ingredient, yet often the most neglected

A

water

25
Q

can substitute for one another so long as the animals nutritional requirements are being met

A

feed ingredient

26
Q

affect maintenance requirements

A

environmental conditions

27
Q

small ruminants need to meet their nutritional requirements

A

pasture

28
Q

usually the primary and most economical source of nutrients for sheep and goats

A

pasture, forbs, browse

29
Q

natural browsers and have the unique ability to select plants when they are at their most nutritious state.

A

goats

30
Q

browse have fewer problems with internal parasites

A

sheep and goats

31
Q

primary source of nutrients for small ruminants during the winter or non-grazing season.

A

hay

32
Q

tends to be a moderate source of protein and energy for sheep and goats

A

hay

33
Q

necessary to maintain nutritional quality of hay

A

proper curing and storage

34
Q

it is shown to increase growth weight, but should only be done to the extent that it increases profit.

A

creep feeding and supplemental feeding

35
Q

2 types of concentrate feeds

A

energy and proteins

36
Q

generally more important than protein quality

A

protein quantity

37
Q

a mature animal will consume between

A

¾ and 1 ½ gallons of water per day

38
Q

grow very slowly because they lack leaf area for optimum photosynthesis

A

phase I

39
Q

the plants make the most rapid and efficient growth; their leaf area is great enough to use all the sunlight falling on the area

A

phase II

40
Q

as lower leaves become shaded and die. this is the beginning of plant reproduction and slower vegetative growth.

A

phase III

41
Q

involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves.

A

vegetative stage

42
Q

involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves.

A

vegetative stage

42
Q

involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves.

A

vegetative stage

43
Q

inflorescences are located in the sheaths of the flag leaf.

A

boot stage

44
Q

inflorescences start to emerge and to expand

A

heading

45
Q

flowers are shedding pollen

A

anthesis

46
Q

inflorescences are fully developed and seeds are ripe

A

mature seed

47
Q

involves a period mainly of leaf growth and development.

A

vegetative stage

48
Q

occurs in the elongation stage, the growth period between the vegetative stage and reproductive stage.

A

stem growth

49
Q

practice to keep an eye on plant regrowth and location of the shoot apices. otherwise known as the main growing points

A

critical grassland management practice

50
Q

least expensive feed for livestock

A

pasture

51
Q

management decisions

A
  • determining optimum milk production
  • breeding season
  • timing of calving
  • when to purchase and sell animals
52
Q

important component of an economically viable pasture-based operation

A

grazing system

53
Q

refers to a broader category of grazing systems including REST ROTATION, DEFERRED ROTATION AND MANAGEMENT INSTENSIVE GRAZING

A

Rotational grazing

54
Q

livestock producers allow animals to graze on pasture for the entire grazing season.

A

continuous grazing

55
Q

pastures are rested for a specified period of time

A

rest rotation grazing

56
Q

particular pasture is not grazed for a specific period of time until plants reach a certain maturity level

A

deferred grazing system

57
Q

animals are moved to a new paddock in no specific order.

A

management-intensive grazing system

Ruminant Production and Herd Health Management (7 decks)

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