Module 6- FEEDING PRINCIPLES IN RUMINANT ANIMALS

Question 1

how feed is broken down into its component parts in a laboratory procedure

Answer 1

proximate analysis

Question 2

causes great variation in their nutritive value; this is especially true of farm of feedlot rations where high-moisture silage is often fed.

Answer 2

water content of feeds

Question 3

also influences cattle performance under range conditions when cattle are turned onto spring grass.

Answer 3

water content

Question 4

consist of inorganic and organic materials.

Answer 4

total dissolved solids (TDS)

Question 5

supply most of cattle’s energy needs and make up 65 to 75 percent of the dryweight of grains, forages and roughage.

Answer 5

carbohydrates

Question 6

two commonly used substances detected in typical feed analysis to evaluate carbohydrate content of feed are;

Answer 6

crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract

Question 7

are complex compounds composed of various amino acids.

Answer 7

protein

Question 8

amino acids contain

Answer 8

16% nitrogen in addition to CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Question 9

is an excellent protein source when with grains, such as CORN, SORGHUM, BARLEY or OATS.

Answer 9

high quality alfalfa hay

Question 10

broken down and used as an energy source.

Answer 10

excess dietary protein

Question 11

are frequently placed in protein supplements fed to ruminants to reduce the cost of supplementation.

Answer 11

urea and ammonia

Question 12

critical for skeletal development, digestion, metabolic processes, reproduction, growth, and lactation

Answer 12

minerals

Question 13

are the most important minerals animals require on a daily basis.

Answer 13

calcium and phosphorus

Question 14

bitter and unpalatable when fed by itself

Answer 14

phosphorus

Question 15

help animals digest and absorb nutrients

Answer 15

vitamins

Question 16

commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

Answer 16

vitamin A

Question 17

commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

Answer 17

vitamin A

Question 18

commonly provided by injection or through supplementation

Answer 18

vitamin A

Question 19

single largest cost associated with raising small ruminants.

Answer 19

feed

Question 20

exerts a very large imfluence on reproduction, milk production, and lamb and kid growth

Answer 20

nutrition

Question 21

most critical periods for ewe and doe nutrition, with lactation placing the highest nutritional demands on ewes/does

Answer 21

late-gestatiom and lactation

Question 22

usually the most limiting nutrient

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

necessary to maintain a healthy rumen environment and prevent digestive upsets

Answer 23

fiber (bulk)

Question 24

the cheapest feed ingredient, yet often the most neglected

Answer 24

water

Question 25

can substitute for one another so long as the animals nutritional requirements are being met

Answer 25

feed ingredient

Question 26

affect maintenance requirements

Answer 26

environmental conditions

Question 27

small ruminants need to meet their nutritional requirements

Answer 27

pasture

Question 28

usually the primary and most economical source of nutrients for sheep and goats

Answer 28

pasture, forbs, browse

Question 29

natural browsers and have the unique ability to select plants when they are at their most nutritious state.

Answer 29

goats

Question 30

browse have fewer problems with internal parasites

Answer 30

sheep and goats

Question 31

primary source of nutrients for small ruminants during the winter or non-grazing season.

Answer 31

hay

Question 32

tends to be a moderate source of protein and energy for sheep and goats

Answer 32

hay

Question 33

necessary to maintain nutritional quality of hay

Answer 33

proper curing and storage

Question 34

it is shown to increase growth weight, but should only be done to the extent that it increases profit.

Answer 34

creep feeding and supplemental feeding

Question 35

2 types of concentrate feeds

Answer 35

energy and proteins

Question 36

generally more important than protein quality

Answer 36

protein quantity

Question 37

a mature animal will consume between

Answer 37

¾ and 1 ½ gallons of water per day

Question 38

grow very slowly because they lack leaf area for optimum photosynthesis

Answer 38

phase I

Question 39

the plants make the most rapid and efficient growth; their leaf area is great enough to use all the sunlight falling on the area

Answer 39

phase II

Question 40

as lower leaves become shaded and die. this is the beginning of plant reproduction and slower vegetative growth.

Answer 40

phase III

Question 41

involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves.

Answer 41

vegetative stage

Question 42

involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves.

Answer 42

vegetative stage

Question 42

involves unelongated tillers that are only producing leaves.

Answer 42

vegetative stage

Question 43

inflorescences are located in the sheaths of the flag leaf.

Answer 43

boot stage

Question 44

inflorescences start to emerge and to expand

Answer 44

heading

Question 45

flowers are shedding pollen

Answer 45

anthesis

Question 46

inflorescences are fully developed and seeds are ripe

Answer 46

mature seed

Question 47

involves a period mainly of leaf growth and development.

Answer 47

vegetative stage

Question 48

occurs in the elongation stage, the growth period between the vegetative stage and reproductive stage.

Answer 48

stem growth

Question 49

practice to keep an eye on plant regrowth and location of the shoot apices. otherwise known as the main growing points

Answer 49

critical grassland management practice

Question 50

least expensive feed for livestock

Answer 50

pasture

Question 51

management decisions

Answer 51

* determining optimum milk production * breeding season * timing of calving * when to purchase and sell animals

Question 52

important component of an economically viable pasture-based operation

Answer 52

grazing system

Question 53

refers to a broader category of grazing systems including REST ROTATION, DEFERRED ROTATION AND MANAGEMENT INSTENSIVE GRAZING

Answer 53

Rotational grazing

Question 54

livestock producers allow animals to graze on pasture for the entire grazing season.

Answer 54

continuous grazing

Question 55

pastures are rested for a specified period of time

Answer 55

rest rotation grazing

Question 56

particular pasture is not grazed for a specific period of time until plants reach a certain maturity level

Answer 56

deferred grazing system

Question 57

animals are moved to a new paddock in no specific order.

Answer 57

management-intensive grazing system